Month: January 2023

Visible Light-Promoted Sulfoxonium Ylides Synthesis from Aryl Diazoacetates and Sulfoxides was written by Lu, Juan;Li, Lei;He, Xiang-Kui;Xu, Guo-Yong;Xuan, Jun. And the article was included in Chinese Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Name: Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate This article mentions the following:

A visible light-promoted reaction of donor/acceptor diazoalkanes ArC(=N₂)C(O)₂R (R = CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, cyclobutyl, etc.) with sulfoxides R¹S(O)R² (R¹ = Me, Ph; R² = Me, Ph) towards the synthesis of synthetically useful sulfoxonium ylides ArC(=S(O)R¹R²)C(O)₂R was reported. The reaction occurred under sole visible light irradiation without the need of any transition-metals or additives, affording the corresponding sulfoxonium ylides in moderate to good yields. The success of late-stage modification of natural isolates or drug candidates, scale-up reaction and transformation of sulfoxonium ylides to other useful mols. further rendered the approach valuable. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6Name: Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate).

Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Name: Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Neuroprotective Role of Ferrostatin-1 Under Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress in Dopaminergic Neuroblastoma Cells was written by Kabiraj, Parijat;Valenzuela, Carlos A.;Marin, Jose E.;Ramirez, David A.;Mendez, Lois;Hwang, Michael S.;Varela-Ramirez, Armando;Fenelon, Karine;Narayan, Mahesh;Skouta, Rachid. And the article was included in Protein Journal in 2015.Name: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate This article mentions the following:

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) are playing crucial roles in maintaining appropriate protein folding. Under nitrosative stress, an excess of nitric oxide (NO) radical species induced the S-nitrosylation of PDI cysteines which eliminate its isomerase and oxidoreductase capabilities. In addition, the S-nitrosylation-PDI complex is the cause of aggregation especially of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein (accumulation of Lewy-body aggregates). We recently identified a potent antioxidant small mol., Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), that was able to inhibit a non-apoptotic cell death named ferroptosis. Ferroptosis cell death involved the generation of oxidative stress particularly lipid peroxide. In this work, we reported the neuroprotective role of ferrostatin-1 under rotenone-induced oxidative stress in dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). We first synthesized the Fer-1 and confirmed that it is not toxic toward the SH-SY5Y cells at concentrations up to 12.5 μM. Second, we showed that Fer-1 compound quenched the com. available stable radical, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), in non-cellular assay at 82 %. Third, Fer-1 inhibited the ROS/RNS generated under rotenone insult in SH-SY5Y cells. Fourth, we revealed the effective role of Fer-1 in ER stress mediated activation of apoptotic pathway. Finally, we reported that Fer-1 mitigated rotenone-induced α-syn aggregation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Name: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Name: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In-situ fabricated covalent organic frameworks-polyamide hybrid membrane for highly efficient molecular separation was written by Zhao, Song;Zha, Zhiyuan;Mao, Chenyue;Wang, Zhi;Wang, Jixiao. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.Formula: C9H3Cl3O3 This article mentions the following:

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) membranes fabricated via interfacial polymerization typically present high permeance but relatively low selectivity for small mols. To address this issue, COFs-polyamide hybrid membranes were in-situ fabricated onto polyacrylonitrile (PAN) substrate via interfacial polymerization for highly efficient mol. separation Specifically, P-phenylenediamine (Pa) or benzidine (BD) as the aqueous monomer was reacted with a mixture of 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (Tp) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) to generate COFs-polyamide hybrid structure, comprising the imide-linked COFs and the amide-linked polyamide. Since the TMC could react with the residual unreacted amine groups after COFs formation, the COFs-polyamide hybrid structure exhibited few defects and excellent stability. The as-prepared TpPaTMC/PAN or TpBDTMC/PAN hybrid membranes presented excellent performance for dye rejection and dye desalination with pure water permeances of 84âˆ?5 L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1, congo red rejection of âˆ?9%, acid red 66 rejection of 85%âˆ?2%, and Na₂SO₄/CR separation factor of 65âˆ?6. Moreover, the separation performance of COFs-polyamide hybrid membranes could be easily tunable by adjusting the TMC contents in the organic phase during the membrane fabrication, and the optimized membranes could be applied for dye rejection or dye desalination. The COFs-polyamide hybrid membranes also showed excellent anti-fouling performance and chem. stability. Therefore, the convenient and efficient in-situ fabrication of high-performance COFs-polyamide hybrid membrane would provide novel insight into the structure, property and application prospects of COFs membrane. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Formula: C9H3Cl3O3).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Formula: C9H3Cl3O3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

3-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one, BMS-191011: Opener of Large-Conductance Ca²⁺-Activated Potassium (Maxi-K) Channels, Identification, Solubility, and SAR was written by Romine, Jeffrey L.;Martin, Scott W.;Meanwell, Nicholas A.;Gribkoff, Valentin K.;Boissard, Christopher G.;Dworetzky, Steven I.;Natale, Joanne;Moon, Sandra;Ortiz, Astrid;Yeleswaram, Swamy;Pajor, Lorraine;Gao, Qi;Starrett, John E. Jr.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2007.Application of 3438-16-2 This article mentions the following:

BMS-191011 (I), an opener of the cloned large-conductance, Ca²⁺-activated potassium (maxi-K) channel, demonstrated efficacy in in vivo stroke models, which led to its nomination as a candidate for clin. evaluation. Its maxi-K channel opening properties were consistent with its structural topol., being derived by combining elements from other known maxi-K openers. However, I suffered from poor aqueous solubility, which complicated elucidation of SAR during in vitro evaluation. The activity of I in in vivo stroke models and studies directed toward improving its solubility are reported herein. Enhanced solubility was achieved by appending heterocycles to the I scaffold, and a notable observation was made that inclusion of a simple amino group (anilines II and III) yielded excellent in vitro maxi-K ion channel opening activity and enhanced brain-to-plasma partitioning compared to the appended heterocycles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2Application of 3438-16-2).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Application of 3438-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Facile synthesis of phthalidyl fused spiro thiohydantoins through silica sulfuric acid induced oxidative rearrangement of ninhydrin adducts of thioureas was written by Mandal, Subhro;Pramanik, Animesh. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2020.Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS This article mentions the following:

A one-pot three-component sequential synthetic protocol produces structurally and biol. important phthalidyl fused spiro N,N’-disubstituted thiohydantoins from readily available aromatic isothiocyanates, primary amines and ninhydrin. In this three-step synthesis while the initial two steps are catalyst-free, in the final step silica sulfuric acid (SSA) induces an oxidative rearrangement in [3.3.0]-bicyclic 1,2-diol adducts of ninhydrin and thioureas under solvent-free condition to generate the final products spiro-fused thiohydantoins. The adequate acidity of SSA in cooperation with moderate oxidizing property promotes a facile oxidative rearrangement in 1,2-diol intermediates to produce the spiro-fused thiohydantoins with diverse functionalities. Easy recyclability of SSA, good to excellent yield of the products, wider substrate scope, shorter reaction time, solvent-free two steps out of three and high atom economy make this method attractive and practicable. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Electric Literature of C7H3Cl2NS

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Catalytic Cycloisomerization-Fluorination Sequence of N-Propargyl Amides by Iodoarene/HF.Pyridine/Selectfluor Systems was written by Asari, Naoki;Takemoto, Yusuke;Shinomoto, Yukino;Yagyu, Takuma;Yoshimura, Akira;Zhdankin, Viktor V.;Saito, Akio. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Reference of 1711-11-1 This article mentions the following:

As a first example for metal-free and catalytic fluorinative transformations of alkynes, a cycloisomerization-fluorination sequence of N-propargyl amides catalyzed by iodine(III) species was developed. The iodine(III) catalyst was in-situ generated from iodoarene as a precatalyst with Selectfluor as a fluorinating oxidant in the presence of HF·pyridine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1Reference of 1711-11-1).

3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Reference of 1711-11-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chiral Imidodiphosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Poly-Substituted 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrans: [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of β,γ-Unsaturated α-Ketoesters and 3-Vinylindoles was written by Guan, Xu-Kai;Liu, Guo-Feng;An, Dong;Zhang, Heng;Zhang, Suo-Qin. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Safety of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene This article mentions the following:

Imidodiphosphoric acids were employed to catalyze inverse-electron-demand hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters and 3-vinylindoles. A series of optically active 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran derivatives with three contiguous stereogenic centers was synthesized in excellent yields (70-99%), diastereoselectivities (>20:1), and enantioselectivities (73-99%). The resulting indole containing 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran could be converted to tetrahydropyran derivatives, which appear in several biol. active compounds by simple hydrogenation reduction In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9Safety of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene).

1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene (cas: 620-19-9) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Safety of 1-(Chloromethyl)-3-methylbenzene

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Impairment of the gut health in Danio rerio exposed to triclocarban was written by Yan, Zhenguang;Du, Jinzhe;Zhang, Tianxu;Sun, Qianhang;Sun, Binbin;Zhang, Yan;Li, Shuo. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:

Triclocarban (TCC) is the principal component in personal and health care products because it is a highly effective, broad-spectrum, and safe antibacterial agent. TCC has recently been discovered in aquatic creatures and has been shown to constitute a health danger to aquatic animals. Although several studies have looked into the toxicol. effects of TCC on a variety of aquatic animals from algae to fish, the possible gut-toxicity mol. pathway in zebrafish has never been thoroughly explored. We investigated the gut-toxic effects of TCC on zebrafish by exposing them to different TCC concentrations (100 and 1000μg/L) for 21 days. We discovered for the first time that the MAPK and TLR signaling pathways related to gut diseases were significantly altered, and inflammation (up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) caused by TCC was confirmed to be largely mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its related cytokines. This was found using the results of qPCR, a transcriptome anal., and mol. docking (AHR, AHRR, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1). Furthermore, high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that TCC exposure reduced the bacterial diversity and changed the gut microbial composition, with the primary phyla Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, as well as the genera Cetobacterium and Rhodobacteraceae, being the most affected. TCC exposure also caused damage to the gut tissue, including an increase in the number of goblet cells and a reduction in the height of the columnar epithelium and the thickness of the muscular layer, as shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Our findings will aid in understanding of the mechanism TCC-induced aquatic toxicity in aquatic species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O).

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Imidazole assisted molecular-scale regulation of polyamide for preparing reverse osmosis membrane with enhanced water permeance was written by Fei, Zhaohui;Jiang, Chi;Li, Mengxin;Hou, Yingfei. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering in 2022.Synthetic Route of C9H3Cl3O3 This article mentions the following:

The development of reverse osmosis (RO) technol. is still hindered by many obstacles, especially the low water permeance of RO membrane. Herein, an interfacial polymerization regulated by N-acyl imidazole chem. was proposed to fabricate high permeance RO membranes. The improvement of membrane performance was achieved by simply adding 2-methylimidazole (Hmim) into aqueous phase. More angstrom-scale free volume elements, which acted as water mol. transport channels, were formed in the polyamide separation layer due to the reaction and hydrolysis of Hmim. As a result, a substantial increase in water permeance was achieved while maintaining high NaCl rejection. In addition, more carboxylic acid groups were formed on the membrane surface due to the hydrolysis of N-acyl imidazole, thereby imparting higher hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties to the membrane. With the addition of 1.5 weight/weight% Hmim, the water permeance of the prepared RO membrane was improved to 4.4 L m^-2 h^-1 bar^-1, nearly 4.5 times compared to the control group, while maintaining a high NaCl rejection of above 98%, thus successfully overcoming the permeability-selectivity trade-off limit. This work paves a new idea for the development of additives in the preparation of RO membranes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1Synthetic Route of C9H3Cl3O3).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Synthetic Route of C9H3Cl3O3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Eco-friendly construction of spiroquinazolin-2-(thi)ones and quinolin-(thio)ureas via Fe(III)-catalyzed multi-component domino double [4 + 2] annulations was written by Pan, Zhentao;Shi, Shuaijun;Yang, Xuancheng;Xiao, Xuqiong;Zhang, Wangqin;Wang, Shiliang;Ma, Yongmin. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate This article mentions the following:

An unprecedented eco-friendly multi-component domino approach for the synthesis of novel spiroquinazolin-2-(thi)ones I (X = O, S; R = H, Me; R¹ = Me, Et; R² = n-Pr, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)benzen-1-yl, etc.) and quinolin-(thio)ureas II (R³ = i-Pr, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, naphthalen-1-yl, etc.) is described. The protocol proceeds via domino double [4+2] annulations and features an eco-benign catalyst and solvent, simple starting materials, high atom-economy, H₂O as the sole byproduct and a simple work-up procedure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Quality Control of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Quality Control of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics