Month: January 2023

Thermoanalytical characterization of herbal drugs from Poincianella pyramidalis in different particle sizes was written by Guimaraes, Geovani Pereira;Santos, Ravely Lucena;Brandao, Deysiane Oliveira;Cartaxo-Furtado, Nathalia Alexandra de Oliveira;Cavalcanti, Airlla Laana de Medeiros;Macedo, Rui Oliveira. And the article was included in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry in 2018.Quality Control of 1-Chlorooctadecane This article mentions the following:

Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz, known as “catingueira,” is a typical species of Caatinga and used in Brazilian folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, diuretic and expectorant. Pharmacol. analyses confirmed his activity as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and in gastrointestinal disorders. This paper aimed to perform a thermoanal. characterization of the herbal drugs obtained from P. pyramidalis leaves in different particle sizes. The leaves were dried, pulverized and separated into different granulometric ranges: 50-100, 100-200, 200-400 and <400 mesh. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) at different atmospheres and heating rates, determination of the kinetic degradation parameters by Ozawa model, DTA (DTA), pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatog. interfaced with mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS) and multivariate anal. TG curves of the samples showed the presence of six thermal decomposition events, with greater mass loss (25.91-35.66%) in the range of 247-398°C. The thermal degradation proved to be a reaction of zero order, with a decrease in enthalpy and frequency factor with decreasing the granulometric range. DTA curves showed three exothermic events, with peaks around 350, 460 and 490°C, with variation in enthalpy values. With the Pyr-GC/MS were evidenced different profiles according to the temperature Principal component anal. of pyrolysis data from samples at different temperatures was able to represent the total variability within the first two principal components, revealing differences between the granulometric ranges. The anal. and statistical techniques used were able to trace characteristic profiles of the herbal drugs, elucidating the differences in each granulometric range. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2Quality Control of 1-Chlorooctadecane).

1-Chlorooctadecane (cas: 3386-33-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Quality Control of 1-Chlorooctadecane

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photoredox catalysed reductive aminomethylation of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids was written by Wang, Xinhao;Wang, Lin;Zhang, Jingxuan;Liu, Yisong;Xie, Hongqi;Zeng, Jianguo;Cheng, Pi. And the article was included in Natural Product Research.Electric Literature of C8H10ClN This article mentions the following:

Reduction of C = N double bond is the most important phase I metabolism process of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs). Herein, inspired by the NADPH mediated reduction in QBAs, a visible-light promoted reductive aminomethylation of QBAs for synthesis of 6-substituted benzophenanthridines using QBAs and N,N-dimethylaniline as coupling partners is reported. An α-amino radical that derived from QBAs is supposed to be the key intermediate in this visible-light promoted reductive aminomethylation reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1Electric Literature of C8H10ClN).

2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Electric Literature of C8H10ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, Antimycobacterial Activity and 3-D QSAR Studies of Some New Derivatives of p-Hydroxybenzohydrazide was written by Bhole, Ritesh. P.;Bhusari, Kishore P.. And the article was included in QSAR & Combinatorial Science in 2009.Application In Synthesis of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate This article mentions the following:

Various N’-[3-(4-substituted alkyl/aryl thiaiazolidin-2-ylidene]-4-hydroxy benzohydrazide (4.a-i) and N’-[-(3,4-disubstituted)-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)]-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide from (5.a-i) to (10.a-i) were synthesized using appropriate synthetic route. The entire test compounds (4.a-i) and compounds from (5.a-i) to (10.a-i) were assayed in vitro against H₃₇Rv strain of M. tuberculosis. The min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for test compounds and for reference standards The test compounds showed significant antimycobacterial activity against the microbial strains used, when tested in vitro. In general, p-hydroxybenzohydrazide ring and substituted thiazoline ring are essential for antimicrobial activity. Among the compounds tested, compounds 5.i (I), 6.f, 7.d, 8.g and 9.f were found to be most potent. The test compounds were found to be nontoxic up to a dose level of 1000 μg/mL. All compounds were then subjected for 3D-QSAR studies. 3D-QSAR study based on the principal of alignment of pharmacophoric features by Schrodinger PHASE module. The 3D-QSAR study allowed us to confirm the preferential binding mode of p-hydroxybenzohydrazide inside the active site. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Application In Synthesis of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Application In Synthesis of 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

β-Cyclodextrin based molecular reactors for free radical chemistry in aqueous media was written by Johnson, Anne E.;Perchyonok, V. Tamara. And the article was included in Current Organic Chemistry in 2009.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A broad range of fundamental free radical reactions, such as hydrogen and halogen atom transfer, radical deoxygenations, radical cyclization reactions, radical additions to C=C and C=N double bonds, in β-cyclodextrin based mol. reactors at room temperature are investigated. The reactions proceeded smoothly in moderate to excellent yield at ambient temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 5344-49-0Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 5344-49-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Intermolecular C-H Amidation of Alkenes with Carbon Monoxide and Azides via Tandem Palladium Catalysis was written by Gu, Zheng-Yang;Wu, Yang;Jin, Feng;Bao, Xiaoguang;Xia, Ji-Bao. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2021.Name: 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid This article mentions the following:

An atom- and step-economic intermol. multi-component palladium-catalyzed C-H amidation of alkenes with carbon monoxide and organic azides has been developed for the synthesis of alkenyl amides. The reaction proceeds efficiently without an ortho-directing group on the alkene substrates. Nontoxic dinitrogen is generated as the sole byproduct. Computational studies and control experiments have revealed that the reaction takes place via an unexpected mechanism by tandem palladium catalysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2Name: 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid).

5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (cas: 3438-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Name: 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Adsorption performance and mechanism of cationic and anionic dyes by KOH activated biochar derived from medical waste pyrolysis was written by Ullah, Fahim;Ji, Guozhao;Irfan, Muhammad;Gao, Yuan;Shafiq, Farishta;Sun, Ye;Ain, Qurat Ul;Li, Aimin. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2022.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The massive generation of medical waste (MW) results in a series of environmental, social, and ecol. problems. Pyrolysis is one such approach that has attracted more attention because of the production of value-added products with lesser environmental risk. In this study, the activated biochar (ABC600) was obtained from MW pyrolysis and activated with KOH. The adsorption mechanism of activated biochar on cationic (methylene blue) and anionic (reactive yellow) dyes were studied. The physicochem. characterization of biochar showed that increasing pyrolysis temperature and KOH activation resulted in increased surface area, a rough surface with a clear porous structure, and sufficient functional groups. MB and RYD-145 adsorption on ABC600 was more consistent with Langmuir isotherm (R² â‰?0.996) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² â‰?0.998), indicating chemisorption with monolayer characteristics. The Langmuir model fitting demonstrated that MB and RYD-145 had maximum uptake capacities of 922.2 and 343.4 mg·g^-1. The thermodn. study of both dyes showed a pos. change in enthalpy (ΔH^°) and entropy (ΔS^°), revealing the endothermic adsorption behavior and randomness in dye mol. arrangement on activated-biochar/solution surface. The activated biochar has excellent adsorption potential for cationic and anionic dyes; hence, it can be considered an economical and efficient adsorbent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Geometry and spectra of substituted anilines was written by Klevens, H. B.;Platt, J. R.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1949.Safety of 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline This article mentions the following:

The absorption curves for N,N-dimethylaniline and its derivatives, o-methyl, o,o’-dimethyl-, p-methyl, o-fluoro-, o-chloro-, o-bromodimethylaniline have been determined to 1700 A. Four characteristic regions of absorption were found near 1800, 2100, 2500, and 3000 A. The effect of steric inhibition of resonance on these absorption spectra was studied. Total oscillator strengths were shown to decrease almost linearly with the van der Waals’ radius of the group substituted in the o-position. The min. angle of twist of the -N(CH₃)₂ group with respect to the ring was estimated from the van der Waals’ radius of each crowding group. The oscillator strengths of the different bands varied with cosine-square of the angle. With certain simple assumptions, purely spectroscopic calculations were made of the angle of twist and of the variation of the N-C₆H₅ bond order and bond distance. The 3 strong aniline bands transform into the 3 alkylbenzene bands with respect to both intensity and position as the angle of twist approaches 90°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1Safety of 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline).

2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline (cas: 698-01-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Safety of 2-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery of a Novel, Potent, and Orally Active Nonpeptide Antagonist of the Human Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Receptor was written by Cho, Nobuo;Harada, Masataka;Imaeda, Toshihiro;Imada, Takashi;Matsumoto, Hirokazu;Hayase, Yoji;Sasaki, Satoshi;Furuya, Shuichi;Suzuki, Nobuhiro;Okubo, Shoichi;Ogi, Kazuhiro;Endo, Satoshi;Onda, Haruo;Fujino, Masahiko. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1998.COA of Formula: C7H5ClF2 This article mentions the following:

The authors describe the design, synthesis, and biol. properties of iso-Pr 3-(N-benzyl-N-methylaminomethyl)-7-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-4,7-dihydro-2-(4-isobutyrylaminophenyl)-4-oxothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate hydrochloride (I, T-98475), a hightly potent and orally active nonpeptide antagonist of the human LHRH receptor. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that T-98475 is the first potent and orally effective nonpeptide antagonist of the human LHRH receptor, and should provide a new class of useful therapeutic agents for the treatment of sex hormone-dependent pathologies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4COA of Formula: C7H5ClF2).

2-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-difluorobenzene (cas: 697-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.COA of Formula: C7H5ClF2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nanocomposite of zinc zirconia for better degradation of an organic dye was written by Biju, R.;Ravikumar, R.;Raghavan, J. R. Vanaja;Indulal, C. R.. And the article was included in Bulletin of Materials Science in 2022.Electric Literature of C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:

Zinc zirconia nanocomposite was synthesized by chem. co-precipitation route using zinc chloride (ZnCl₂), zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZrOCl₂·8H₂O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethylene diaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA). XRD, UV, SEM and EDX measurements were employed to characterize the as-prepared nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), zirconia (ZrO₂ NPs) and the zinc zirconia nanocomposite (ZZNC). Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in polluted water was investigated under visible light using ZZNC as the photocatalyst. UV/Vis spectrum confirmed an enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of ZZNC in MB dye-contaminated water. It was observed that more than 80% of the dye was degraded from polluted water while using ZZNC as a photocatalyst in 2.5 h. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Electric Literature of C16H18ClN3S).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Electric Literature of C16H18ClN3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity of thiourea/urea derivatives of amlodipine was written by Vedavathi, P.;Sekhar, K. Chandra;Raju, C. Naga. And the article was included in Pharmacia Lettre in 2013.Formula: C7H3Cl2NS This article mentions the following:

Amlodipine is one of the calcium channel blockers having dihydropyridine group, used as an antihypertensive drug. A series of novel ureaandthioureaderivativesofamlodipine(1) were prepared by reacting (1) with various substituted isocyanates/isothiocyanates in the presence of triethylamine in THF at 50 °C. Their structures were established by IR, ¹H, ¹³CNMR, Mass spectral data and C, H, N elemental anal. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated and the title compounds exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1Formula: C7H3Cl2NS).

2,4-Dichlorophenylisothiocyanate (cas: 6590-96-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Formula: C7H3Cl2NS

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics