Month: January 2023

Enantioselectivity of Candida rugosa lipase toward carboxylic acids: A predictive rule from substrate mapping and x-ray crystallography was written by Ahmed, Sharmin N.;Kazlauskas, Romas J.;Morinville, Anne H.;Grochulski, Pawel;Schrag, Joseph D.;Cygler, Miroslaw. And the article was included in Biocatalysis in 1994.Product Details of 7476-66-6 This article mentions the following:

Substrate mapping was used to develop a rule that predicts which enantiomer of chiral carboxylic acid esters reacts faster in hydrolyses catalyzed by lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL). This rule, based on the size of the substituents at the stereocenter, is not reliable for crude CRL. It predicts the favored enantiomer for only 23 of 34 examples, 68% reliability. However, this rule is completely reliable for purified CRL; it predicts the favored enantiomer for all 16 examples correctly. The examples include arylpropanoic acids, aryloxypropanoic acids, α-halophenylacetic acids, mandelic acid and O-methylmandelic acid. Further, purified CRL did not catalyze the hydrolysis of N-CBZ-phenylalanine Me ester and N-CBZ-norleucine Me ester. These 2 substrates were exceptions to the rule with crude CRL as the catalyst. Besides eliminating several exceptions, purification also raised the enantioselectivity of CRL toward carboxylic acid esters. To provide a structural basis for this proposed rule, the x-ray crystal structure of CRL containing transition state analogs of ester hydrolysis was examined It was suggested that the large substituent of chiral carboxylic acids binds in a tunnel that normally binds the alkyl chain of a fatty acid. The Ph rings of Phe 345 and Phe 415 lie close to the stereocenter, thereby fixing the orientation of the medium substituent. The 3-dimensional orientation of these proposed binding sites is consistent with the rule derived from substrate mapping. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6Product Details of 7476-66-6).

Methyl 2-chloro-2-phenylacetate (cas: 7476-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Product Details of 7476-66-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analysis of chemical compounds in hot melt adhesives from composite packaging by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with retention index was written by Shan, Li-jun;Li, Hui-zhen;Lin, Qin-bao;Song, Huan;Wang, Rong-zhen;Wu, Yu-mei. And the article was included in Fenxi Shiyanshi in 2016.Product Details of 5344-49-0 This article mentions the following:

A gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was used to analyze chem. components in hot melt adhesives from composite packaging. The separated peaks were identified by mass spectral library searching combined with retention index comparison. Sixty-two chem. components were identified from hot melt adhesives, and the chem. compounds were mainly composed of esters, hydrocarbons, acids, aldehydes and ketones. The relative deviation of this method was less than 2.6%. The qual. result of this method was reliable and realizable. This established method can be used for further study of chem. components in hot melt adhesives. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 5344-49-0Product Details of 5344-49-0).

2-Chloro-6-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 5344-49-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Product Details of 5344-49-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kinetics of oxidation of some amino acids by N-chlorosaccharin in aqueous acetic acid medium was written by Farook, N. A. Mohamed;Prabaharan, R.;Rahini, S.;Kumar, R. Senthil;Rajamahendran, G.;Krishnan, B. Gopala. And the article was included in E-Journal of Chemistry in 2004.Reference of 14070-51-0 This article mentions the following:

The kinetics of oxidation of some amino acids (AA; glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, arginine, and histidine) by N-chlorosaccharin (NCSA) has been studied in aqueous acetic acid medium in the presence of perchloric acid. The observed rate of oxidation is first order in [AA], [NCSA] and of inverse fractional order in [H⁺]. The main product of the oxidation is the corresponding aldehyde. The ionic strength has no significant effect on the reaction rate. The effect of changing the dielec. constant of the medium on the rate indicates the reaction to be of dipole-dipole type. Hypochlorous acid has been postulated as the reactive oxidizing species. Activation parameters are computed with respect to slow step of the mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Reference of 14070-51-0).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Reference of 14070-51-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of neutral and charged substituents on the infrared carbonyl stretching frequencies in phenyl and alkyl benzoates in DMSO was written by Nummert, Vilve;Piirsalu, Mare;Vahur, Signe;Toom, Lauri;Leito, Ivo;Koppel, Ilmar A.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry in 2017.Electric Literature of C8H7ClO2 This article mentions the following:

The carbonyl IR stretching frequencies for 57 meta-, para- and ortho-substituted Ph benzoates, C₆H₅CO₂C₆H₄-X and alkylbenzoates, C₆H₅CO₂R, containing besides neutral substituents the charged substituents in phenoxy and alkoxy part in DMSO (DMSO) have been recorded. The carbonyl stretching frequencies, ν_CO, for meta- and para-substituted Ph esters of benzoic acids in the case of neutral substituents were found to correlate well with the substituent constants, σ°. The ν_CO values for ortho derivatives correlated with the inductive substituent constants, σ_I, only. The values of constants for charged substituents, σ°_±, calculated on the basis of the ν_CO and the ¹³C NMR chem. shifts, δ_CO, in DMSO agree well with the σ°_± values for the corresponding ion pairs reported by Hoefnagel and Wepster and those determined from the log k values of the alk. hydrolysis in 4.4 M NaCl solution at 50 °C. Thus, the values of substituent constants for ion pairs of charged substituents estimated on the basis of aqueous data could be successfully used in non-aqueous solution (DMSO) simultaneously with neutral substituents in case the charged substituents were not completely ionized and are in ion pair form. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Chloromethyl benzoate (cas: 5335-05-7Electric Literature of C8H7ClO2).

Chloromethyl benzoate (cas: 5335-05-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Electric Literature of C8H7ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sulfonate-modified calixarene-based porous organic polymers for electrostatic enhancement and efficient rapid removal of cationic dyes in water was written by Tian, Lechen;Zhou, Shiyuan;Zhao, Jiaojiao;Xu, Qingfeng;Li, Najun;Chen, Dongyun;Li, Hua;He, Jinghui;Lu, Jianmei. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2023.SDS of cas: 61-73-4 This article mentions the following:

Developing of fast and efficient adsorbents for removal of low concentration refractory organics in water is significant. Herein, a novel calix[4]arene-based porous organic polymer CaPy is constructed through Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling polycondensation. The strong polar sulfonate is further anchored onto the polymer skeleton of CaPy and three sulfonate-modified anionic polymers CaPy-S1, CaPy-S2, and CaPy-S3 were obtained and fully characterized. The adsorption isotherms showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of CaPy, CaPy-S1, CaPy-S2, and CaPy-S3 toward methylene blue (MB) were 270, 1454, 558 and 1381 mg g^-1, whereas those for Rhodamine B (RhB) were 183, 2653, 1132, and 1796 mg g^-1, resp. The maximum adsorption capacity toward RhB was the highest reported vale among the currently used synthetic adsorbents. In addition, the pseudo-second-order rate constants of CaPy, CaPy-S1, CaPy-S2, and CaPy-S3 toward MB were 0.00572, 0.488, 2.24, and 0.192 g mg^-1 min^-1, resp., and those toward RhB were 0.000234, 0.138, 0.0819, and 0.203 g mg^-1 min^-1, resp. The pseudo-second-order rate constant of CaPy-S2 toward MB was 2.24 g mg^-1 min^-1 indicating one of the highest adsorption speeds. The activation energy of CaPy-S1 for RhB and MB were 121 and 109 kJ mol^-1, resp., demonstrating that the adsorption of both dyes on CaPy-S1 was chemisorption process. Further, the obtained values of Gibbs free energy were neg., revealing that the adsorption process was spontaneous. This work provides an effective approach for improving adsorption performance via post-modification. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4SDS of cas: 61-73-4).

3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.SDS of cas: 61-73-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of diarylsulfonamides as agonists of the free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4/GPR120) was written by Sparks, Steven M.;Chen, Grace;Collins, Jon L.;Danger, Dana;Dock, Steven T.;Jayawickreme, Channa;Jenkinson, Stephen;Laudeman, Christopher;Leesnitzer, M. Anthony;Liang, Xi;Maloney, Patrick;McCoy, David C.;Moncol, David;Rash, Vincent;Rimele, Thomas;Vulimiri, Padmaja;Way, James M.;Ross, Sean. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2014.Computed Properties of C10H13ClO3S This article mentions the following:

The exploration of a diarylsulfonamide series of free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4/GPR120) agonists is described. This work led to the identification of selective FFA4 agonist 8 (GSK137647A) and selective FFA4 antagonist 39. The in vitro profile of compounds 8 and 39 is presented herein. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3Computed Properties of C10H13ClO3S).

4-Butoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 1138-56-3) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Computed Properties of C10H13ClO3S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of some pyrazoles, pyrazolones and oxadiazoles bearing 2-arylamino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole nuclei as possible antimicrobial agents was written by Nair, Smitha;Garg, S. P.;Sah, Pramilla. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2002.Formula: C9H8ClNO4 This article mentions the following:

2-Arylamino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-(3′-nitrophenyl)-4′-carbohydrazide (IV) was cyclized with pentane-2,4-dione to give the substituted pyrazoles (V). Reaction of IV with Et acetoacetate lead to the formation of 2-arylamino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-(3′-nitrophenyl)-1”-carbonyl-3”-methyl-5(4H)-pyrazolones (VI). The hydrazide IV was also converted to 2”-(2-arylamino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol)-3′-nitrophenyl-1”,3”,4”-oxadiazolin-5”-thiones (VII) in presence of carbon disulfide and potassium hydroxide. Subsequent reaction of the thiones VII with secondary amines in presence of formaldehyde gave the title compounds All the compounds were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some of them are effective against the microbes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Formula: C9H8ClNO4).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Formula: C9H8ClNO4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Anti-inflammatory hybrids of secondary amines and amide-sulfamide derivatives was written by Bai, Renren;Sun, Jian;Liang, Zhongxing;Yoon, Younghyoun;Salgado, Eric;Feng, Amber;Oum, Yoonhyeun;Xie, Yuanyuan;Shim, Hyunsuk. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Reference of 777-44-6 This article mentions the following:

The CXCR4/CXCL12 chemokine axis can chemotactically accumulate inflammatory cells to local tissues and regulate the release of inflammatory factors. Developing novel CXCR4 modulators may provide a desirable strategy to control the development of inflammation. A series of novel hybrids were designed by integrating the key pharmacophores of three CXCR4 modulators. The majority of compounds displayed potent CXCR4 binding affinity. Compound 7a (N-(4-(phenylsulfonamidomethyl)benzyl)-4-((pyrimidin-2-ylamino)methyl)benzamide) exhibited 1000-fold greater affinity than AMD3100 and significantly inhibited invasion of CXCR4-pos. tumor cells. Addnl., compound 7a blocked mice ear inflammation by 67% and suppressed the accumulation of inflammatory cells in an in vivo mouse ear edema evaluation. Western blot analyses revealed that 7a inhibited the CXCR4/CXCL12-mediated phosphorylation of Akt and p44 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, compound 7a had no observable cytotoxicity and displayed a favorable plasma stability in the authors’ preliminary pharmacokinetic study. These results confirmed that this is a feasible method to develop CXCR4 modulators for the regulation and reduction of inflammation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Reference of 777-44-6).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Reference of 777-44-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Bis(η⁶-benzene)lithium Cation: A Fundamental Main-Group Organometallic Species was written by Jie, Xiaoming;Li, Jun;Daniliuc, Constantin G.;Wuebker, Anna-Lena;Hansen, Michael Ryan;Eckert, Hellmut;Mueck-Lichtenfeld, Christian;Kehr, Gerald;Erker, Gerhard. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021.Electric Literature of C19H15Cl This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and characterization of the bis(η⁶-benzene)lithium cation, the benzene metallocene of the lightest metal, is reported. The boron compound FmesBCl₂ [Fmes: 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] reacted with three molar equivalents of the lithio-acetylene reagent Li-CC-Fmxyl [Fmxyl: 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]. Subsequent crystallization from benzene gave the [bis(η⁶-benzene)Li]⁺ cation with the [{FmesB(-CC-Fmxyl)₃}₂Li]^– anion. This parent [(arene)₂Li]⁺ cation shows an eclipsed arrangement of the pair of benzene ligands at the central lithium cation with uniform carbon-lithium bond lengths. The corresponding [(η⁶-toluene)₂Li]⁺ and [(η⁶-durene)₂Li]⁺ containing salts were similarly prepared The bis(arene)lithium cations were characterized by x-ray diffraction, by solid-state ⁷Li MAS NMR spectroscopy and their bonding features were analyzed by DFT calculations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5Electric Literature of C19H15Cl).

(Chloromethanetriyl)tribenzene (cas: 76-83-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Electric Literature of C19H15Cl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of lipophilic prodrugs of mitomycin C. III. Physicochemical and biological properties of newly synthesized alkoxycarbonyl derivatives was written by Sasaki, Hitoshi;Fukumoto, Mari;Hashida, Mitsuru;Kimura, Toshikiro;Sezaki, Hitoshi. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1983.Application of 57045-82-6 This article mentions the following:

Five alkoxycarbonyl derivatives of mitomycin C possessing various lipophilic promoieties including benzyloxycarbonyl [86476-06-4], propyloxycarbonyl [88700-49-6], pentyloxycarbonyl [88700-50-9], nonyloxycarbonyl [88700-51-0] and cholesteryloxycarbonylmitomycin C  [88700-48-5] were synthesized and their physicochem. and biol. characteristics were examined All compounds showed increases of octanol/water partition coefficients, lipophilic indexes (k₀) in high-performance liquid chromatog. and lipid solubilities to various degrees depending on their promoiety structure. The prodrugs showed increased lipohilicity with increase in the length of the alkyl chain. They showed only slight antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli B, but all the compounds except for cholesteryloxycarbonyl mitomycin C showed significant activity in vivo against a L1210 leukemia system at a relatively low dose range. These derivatives showed enzyme-mediated conversion to the parent compound in rat plasma and liver homogenate, while they were chem. stable in neutral aqueous media. Essentially no bioactivation was observed for cholesteryloxycarbonyl mitomycin C. Species differences were observed in these bioactivation phenomena. These results suggested the potential utility of the derivatives as lipophilic prodrugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Chloroformicacidn-nonylester (cas: 57045-82-6Application of 57045-82-6).

Chloroformicacidn-nonylester (cas: 57045-82-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Application of 57045-82-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics