Changes in Sewage Sludge Chemical Signatures During a COVID-19 Community Lockdown, Part 1: Traffic, Drugs, Mental Health, and Disinfectants was written by Nason, Sara L.;Lin, Elizabeth;Eitzer, Brian;Koelmel, Jeremy;Peccia, Jordan. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:
The early months of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated shutdowns disrupted many aspects of daily life and thus caused changes in the use and disposal of many types of chems. While records of sales, prescriptions, drug overdoses, and so forth provide data about specific chem. uses during this time, wastewater and sewage sludge anal. can provide a more comprehensive overview of chem. changes within a region. We analyzed primary sludge from a wastewater-treatment plant in Connecticut, USA, collected March 19 to June 30, 2020. This time period encompassed the 1st wave of the pandemic, the initial statewide stay at home order, and the 1st phase of reopening. We used liquid chromatog.-high-resolution mass spectrometry and targeted and suspect screening strategies to identify 78 chems. of interest, which included pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, disinfectants, UV filters, and others. We analyzed trends over time for the identified chems. using linear trend analyses and multivariate comparisons. We found trends related directly to the pandemic (e.g., hydroxychloroquine, a drug publicized for its potential to treat COVID-19, had elevated concentrations in the week following the implementation of the US Emergency Use Authorization), as well as evidence for seasonal changes in chem. use (e.g., increases for 3 UV-filter compounds). Though wastewater surveillance during the pandemic has largely focused on measuring severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 RNA concentrations, chem. anal. can also show trends that are important for revealing the public and environmental health effects of the pandemic. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O).
1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Electric Literature of C13H9Cl3N2O
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics