Species and Life-Stage Sensitivity of Chinese Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) to Chemical Exposure: A Critical Review was written by Bai, Yunfei;Lian, Deru;Su, Tenghui;Wang, Yolina Yu Lin;Zhang, Dainan;Wang, Zhen;Gimeno, Sylvia;You, Jing. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 2021.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O This article mentions the following:
Chem. production and consumption in Asia are increasing at an unprecedented rate, calling for regulations on chem. management. Under the New Chem. Substance Notification in China, information on ecotoxicol. effects of chems. is mandatory for the simplified registration of chems. with the requirement that one ecotoxicol. test is conducted locally. It is now mandatory to use the native fish species Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). However, its chem. sensitivity compared to that of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) or zebrafish (Danio rerio) is still unclear. We performed a holistic literature review on toxicity data with G. rarus from 1997 to 2020. Species sensitivity among G. rarus, P. promelas, and D. rerio and life-stage sensitivity of G. rarus were systematically investigated for various chems. using both chem. ratio distribution and probabilistic chem. toxicity distribution approaches. Comparatively, the Chinese native fish species G. rarus was more sensitive than D. rerio, particularly to metals. Juvenile and adult G. rarus were more sensitive than its larvae and embryos. The observed lower sensitivity of G. rarus embryo was likely due to the thick embryonic chorion, discrepant methods of collecting embryos, and the paucity of toxicity data, implying the necessity to standardize G. rarus embryo tests and validate the sensitivity with various types of chems. This unique review allows us to conclude that G. rarus studies could be used in worldwide registrations and that further investigations are needed to use G. rarus embryos as alternatives to the fish test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;00:1-14. 2021 SETAC In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O).
1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (cas: 101-20-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Formula: C13H9Cl3N2O
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics