Microbiota Metabolism Promotes Synthesis of the Human Ah Receptor Agonist 2,8-Dihydroxyquinoline was written by Hubbard, Troy D.;Liu, Qing;Murray, Iain A.;Dong, Fangcong;Miller, Charles;Smith, Philip B.;Gowda, Krishne;Lin, Jyh Ming;Amin, Shantu;Patterson, Andrew D.;Perdew, Gary H.. And the article was included in Journal of Proteome Research in 2019.Safety of 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine This article mentions the following:
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a major regulator of immune function within the gastrointestinal tract. Resident microbiota are capable of influencing AHR-dependent signaling pathways via production of an array of bioactive mols. that act as AHR agonists, such as indole or indole-3-aldehyde. Bacteria produce a number of quinoline derivatives, of which some function as quorum-sensing mols. Thus, we screened relevant hydroxyquinoline derivatives for AHR activity using AHR responsive reporter cell lines. 2,8-Dihydroxyquinoline (2,8-DHQ) was identified as a species-specific AHR agonist that exhibits full AHR agonist activity in human cell lines, but only induces modest AHR activity in mouse cells. Addnl. dihydroxylated quinolines tested failed to activate the human AHR. Nanomolar concentrations of 2,8-DHQ significantly induced CYP1A1 expression and, upon cotreatment with cytokines, synergistically induced IL6 expression. Ligand binding competition studies subsequently confirmed 2,8-DHQ to be a human AHR ligand. Several dihydroxyquinolines were detected in human fecal samples, with concentrations of 2,8-DHQ ranging between 0 and 3.4 pmol/mg feces. Addnl., in mice the microbiota was necessary for the presence of DHQ in cecal contents. These results suggest that microbiota-derived 2,8-DHQ would contribute to AHR activation in the human gut, and thus participate in the protective and homeostatic effects observed with gastrointestinal AHR activation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7Safety of 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine).
2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine (cas: 203436-45-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Safety of 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropyl-9H-purine
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics