Month: December 2022

Effects of polyvinylidene fluoride substrate characteristics on the selectivity of thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane was written by Zhu, Chenyu;Zhang, Xue;Li, Fuzhi;Zhao, Xuan. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2022.COA of Formula: C9H3Cl3O3 This article mentions the following:

Thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been fabricated on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrates to sep. Cl^– and SO₄^2-. With increasing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) content (0-1.00 weight%) in PVDF casting solution, the corresponding substrates have similar surface pore size and hydrophilicity, but have enlarged surface porosity and bulk pore size. Obvious defects were found on TFC membrane surface, which were fabricated on the substrate with large and deep finger-like pores. On such substrates, piperazine solution is prone to sink to the pore bottom and cannot react with trimesoyl chloride to form a defect-free polyamide layer. Different from previous reports, the bulk pore size and structure, especially for the finger-like pore, is found to be a key factor influencing the interfacial polymerization (IP) process. The optimal TFC membrane was prepared on the substrate with 0.15 weight% PVP in casting solution, which had crater-shaped ridge-valley structures, relatively high permeability and the largest separation factor of 4.66 for Cl^– and SO₄^2-. Although the NF performance needs to be further improved, the results shed lights on the important effects of the substrate bulk pore size and structure on the IP process, which will enlarge the knowledge on the impact of substrate on IP process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1COA of Formula: C9H3Cl3O3).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.COA of Formula: C9H3Cl3O3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A practical synthesis of 2-aryl-indole-6-carboxylic acids was written by Gallou, Fabrice;Yee, Nathan;Qiu, Fenghe;Senanayake, Chris;Linz, Guenter;Schnaubelt, Juergen;Soyka, Rainer. And the article was included in Synlett in 2004.Recommanded Product: 16588-16-2 This article mentions the following:

A practical synthesis of 2-aryl-indole-6-carboxylic acids was developed via a sequence consisting of S_NAr reaction, reductive cyclization, hydrolysis and decarboxylation. This process is efficient in terms of operational simplicity, cost effectiveness and is amenable to large scale production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2Recommanded Product: 16588-16-2).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoate (cas: 16588-16-2) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Recommanded Product: 16588-16-2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Optimizing the surface properties of nanofiltration membrane by tailoring the diffusion coefficient of amine monomer was written by Wei, Xiuzhen;Xu, Xufeng;Huang, Jiahao;Wang, Ze;Li, Huan;Shao, Fangyuan;Guo, Zhongquan;Zhou, Qinghua;Chen, Jinyuan;Pan, Bingjun. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.COA of Formula: C9H3Cl3O3 This article mentions the following:

High-performance hollow fiber NF membranes with network structure were successfully prepared by introducing macromol. polyvinyl alc. (PVA) into aqueous phase to change the diffusion coefficient of amine monomer (piperazine, PIP) in organic phase. Based on Wilke-Change equation, a theor. model (DAO) dealing with viscosity of aqueous phase, mol. weight of PVA, and diffusion coefficient of amine monomer in organic phase was proposed. The applicability of the DAO model was verified by UV spectrophotometry (UV) monitoring and one-dimensional diffusion model. Subsequently, the structure of NF membranes was analyzed by SEM and XPS. The results suggested that the diffusion coefficient of amine monomer was neg. correlated with aqueous phase’s viscosity and polymer’s mol. weight With PVA205 (Mol. weight is 205000 Da) used to change the viscosity of aqueous phase, the diffusion coefficient of PIP (in n-hexane) was close to 2.70 × 10^-6 cm²/s, and the resultant NF membrane (NF-PVA205-1) showed excellent performance; specifically, NF-PVA205-1 achieved a flux as 107 L/m²·h (4 bar), which is 3.5-times higher than that of pure polyamide NF membrane, and the rejection rate for sodium sulfate can reach 97.9%. Such a facile fabrication method proposed in this study can balance the “trade-off” effect of traditional NF membrane. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1COA of Formula: C9H3Cl3O3).

Trimesoylchloride (cas: 4422-95-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.COA of Formula: C9H3Cl3O3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The Effects of Substituents on the Geometry of π-π Interactions was written by Snyder, Seth E.;Huang, Bin-Syuan;Chu, Yu W.;Lin, Huei-Shian;Carey, James R.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2012.HPLC of Formula: 1711-11-1 This article mentions the following:

The authors have designed and used a simple mol. recognition system to study the substituent effects in aromatic interactions. Recently, 3- and 3,5-disubstituted benzoyl leucine diethylamides with aromatic rings of varying electronic character organized into homochiral dimers in the solid state through a parallel displaced π-π interaction and two hydrogen bonds, but no such homochiral dimerization was observed for the unsubstituted case. This phenomenon supports the hypothesis that substituents stabilize π-π interactions regardless of their electronic character. To further study the origin of substituent effects for π-π interactions, the authors synthesized and crystallized 4-substituted benzoyl leucine diethylamides. Surprisingly, only two of the 4-substituted compounds formed homochiral dimers. A comparison among the 4-substituted compounds that crystallized as homochiral dimers and their 3-substituted counterparts revealed that there are differences in regard to the geometry of the aromatic rings with respect to each other, which depend on the electronic nature and location of the substituent. The crystal structures of the homochiral dimers that showed evidence of direct, local interactions between the substituents on the aromatic rings also displayed nonequivalent dihedral angles in the individual monomers. The crystallog. data suggests that such flexing may be the result of the individual mols. orienting themselves to maximize the local dipole interactions on the resp. aromatic rings. The results presented here can potentially have broad applicability towards the development of mol. recognition systems that involve aromatic interactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1HPLC of Formula: 1711-11-1).

3-Cyanobenzoyl chloride (cas: 1711-11-1) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.HPLC of Formula: 1711-11-1

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemometrical analysis of substituent effects. XIII. Comparison of substituent effects on dissociation and chemical shift in ¹³C NMR spectra of mono- and disubstituted benzoic acids was written by Kulhanek, Jiri;Pytela, Oldrich;Lycka, Antonin. And the article was included in Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications in 2000.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClNO4 This article mentions the following:

The ¹³C chem. shifts have been measured of the carboxyl carbon atoms for all the 2-, 3-, and 4-substituted benzoic acids with H, CH₃, CH₃O, F, Cl, Br, I, and NO₂ substituents, as well as for all 3,4-, 3,5-, and 2,6-disubstituted benzoic acids with combinations of CH₃, CH₃O, Cl (or Br), NO₂ substituents and for sym. 2,6-disubstituted derivatives with Et, EtO, PrO, i-PrO, and BuO substituents. The chem. shifts of carboxylic group carbon atoms of the 3- and 4-substituted derivatives show correlation only with the substituent constants σ₁. For the 2-substituted derivatives was found the dependence only on σ₁ and on the υ constant describing steric effects (s = 0.122, R = 0.996, without the CH₃ derivative which has a distinct anisotropic effect). The substituent effects on the carboxylic carbon chem. shift show additivity with 3,4-, 3,5-, and 2,6-substituents, and the 2,6-disubstituted derivatives show a linear synergic effect of substituents due obviously to the steric hindrance to resonance. Application of the principal component anal. to the data matrix involving all the combinations of mono- and disubstitution involving the above-mentioned substituents has proved an identical substituent effect from all the positions on the chem. shift described by one latent variable, steric effects and anisotropic behavior of Me at the 2 and 2,6 positions being predominantly described by the second latent variable (with the total explained variability of 99.5%). Comparison of substituent effects on the chem. shift of carboxylic carbon with that on the dissociation constant measured in the same solvent has confirmed the anisotropy due to ortho Me group, the ortho halogen substituents in monosubstituted derivatives also having a different effect. The dependence of chem. shift on pK_a was not very close for the derivatives studied (s = 1.005, R = 0.690). The inclusion of anisotropy of ortho alkyl group by means of an indicator variable improved the correlation (s = 0.533, R = 0.925), and omitting of 2-F, 2-Cl, 2-Br, and 2-I substituents gave a regression without deviating points (s = 0.352, R = 0.968). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 34662-36-7Synthetic Route of C7H4ClNO4).

3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 34662-36-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClNO4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and bioactivity of novel sulfonate scaffold-containing pyrazolecarbamide derivatives as antifungal and antiviral agents was written by Lei, Zhi-Wei;Yao, Jianmei;Liu, Huifang;Ma, Chiyu;Yang, Wen. And the article was included in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2022.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S This article mentions the following:

Novel I [R = Ph, 4-methylphenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, etc] bearing a sulfonate fragment were synthesized to identify potential antifungal and antiviral agents. All the structures of the key intermediates and target compounds were confirmed by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the compound I [R = 3-trifluoromethyl phenyl] showed that pyrazole carbamide is a sulfonate. The in vitro antifungal activities of the target compounds against Colletotrichum camelliae, Pestalotiopsis theae, Gibberella zeae, and Rhizoctonia solani were evaluated at 50μg/mL. Among the four pathogens, the target compounds exhibited the highest antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. The compound I [R = phenylethyl] (EC₅₀ = 0.45 mg/L) had higher antifungal activity than the com. fungicide hymexazol (EC₅₀ = 10.49 mg/L) against R. solani, almost similar to bixafen (EC₅₀ = 0.25 mg/L). Addnl., the target compounds exhibited protective effects in vivo against TMV. Thus, this study reveals that I. bearing a sulfonate fragment exhibited potential antifungal and antiviral activities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S).

3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonyl chloride (cas: 777-44-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Synthetic Route of C7H4ClF3O2S

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nanoceria as an efficient and green catalyst for the chemoselective N-tert-butyloxycarbonylation of amines under the solvent-free conditions was written by Ingale, Ajit P.;Ukale, Dattatraya;Garad, Dnyaneshwar N.;Shinde, Sandeep V.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2021.Synthetic Route of C11H14ClNO2 This article mentions the following:

Nanocerium oxide mediated an efficient and green protocol has been described for the chemoselective N-tert-butyloxycarbonylation of amines under the solvent-free conditions at ambient temperature Various aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic amines were protected using developed protocol and several functional groups such as alc., phenol and ester were well tolerated under these conditions. The rapid reaction rate, mild conditions, very good functional group tolerance, excellent yield, solvent-free, easy recovery products and excellent catalyst recyclability are the advantages of this protocol. This makes the protocol feasible, economical and environmentally benign. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6Synthetic Route of C11H14ClNO2).

tert-Butyl (4-chlorophenyl)carbamate (cas: 18437-66-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Synthetic Route of C11H14ClNO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Covalent addition of N-chlorosaccharin to cyclohexene was written by Dawn, Hanson;Pitman, Ian H.;Higuchi, Takeru. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1970.Application of 14070-51-0 This article mentions the following:

N-(2-Chlorocyclohexyl)-saccharin (I), m. 171-2.5° [Me2CO-H2O), was prepared by adding 400 mg N-chlorosaccharin (II) to 15 ml I at 25° . The structure was confirmed by NMR and ir spectroscopy, and elemental anal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0Application of 14070-51-0).

2-Chlorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 14070-51-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Application of 14070-51-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formation of ions of esters of bromomethyl and chloromethyl alcohols in tin tetrabromide solutions studied by electromigration, PMR, and ir spectroscopic methods was written by Lysenko, Yu. A.;Vedmedskaya, A. N.;Kapkan, L. M.;Artemova, V. M.;Pinchuk, V. V.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii in 1972.Synthetic Route of C8H7ClO2 This article mentions the following:

The transport data for SnCl4 and SnBr4 in BrCH2OAc, ClCH2OAc and ClCH2OBz were compared with ir and PMR information for these systems. The mixtures underwent a heterolysis of the X-CH2 (X = Br, Cl) bond by the action of SnX4 to form AcOCH2+ ions. The reactivity of SnCl4 was greater than that of SnBr4. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Chloromethyl benzoate (cas: 5335-05-7Synthetic Route of C8H7ClO2).

Chloromethyl benzoate (cas: 5335-05-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Synthetic Route of C8H7ClO2

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Additivity of substituent effects in m- and p-substituted benzoic acids was written by Kalfus, K.;Kroupa, J.;Vecera, M.;Exner, Otto. And the article was included in Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications in 1975.Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid This article mentions the following:

Dissociation constants of 74 mono- and disubstituted benzoic acids were measured in 50% aqueous EtOH and 80% aqueous Me cellosolve. Cumulative substituent effects were generally in accord with the additive scheme presented. With 3,5-disubstituted benzoic acids, the additivity was within the limits of exptl. error; the theoretically required effect of symmetry on the entropy term was not required. With 3,4-disubstituted benzoic acids, the deviations from additivity were more frequent; some deviations could be explained in terms of current theories of the ortho effect. In both series the additive relationship in a constant solvent is more precise than the Hammett equation. A lesser number of deviations was observed in 80% aqueous Me cellosolve than in 50% aqueous EtOH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 34662-36-7Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid).

3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid (cas: 34662-36-7) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of 3-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics