Month: December 2022

Licciardi, Mariano published the artcileNovel cationic polyaspartamide with covalently linked carboxypropyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride as a candidate vector for gene delivery, Recommanded Product: 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride, the publication is European Polymer Journal (2006), 42(4), 823-834, database is CAplus.

The non-viral gene vector properties of a protein-like polymer, the α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-,-aspartamide (PHEA) were investigated after its derivatization with 3-(carboxypropyl)trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CPTA) as mol. bearing cationic groups, in order to obtain stable polycations able to condense DNA. PHEA was firstly functionalized with hydrazide pendant groups by reaction with hydrazine monohydrate (HYD), obtaining the polyhydrazide α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl/carbazate)-,-aspartamide (PHEA-HYD). In this paper we reported that polymer functionalization degree can be easily modulated by varying reaction conditions, so allowing us to produce two PHEA derivatives at different molar percentage of hydrazide groups. Subsequently, condensation reaction of PHEA-HYD copolymers with CPTA yielded α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-N-carbazate[N’-(3-trimethylammonium chloride)propylhydrazide]-,-aspartamide (PHEA-HYD-CPTA) polycation derivatives In vitro studies were carried out to evaluate polycations ability to complex DNA and to protect it from nuclease degradation Obtained results demonstrated the good efficiency of our new PHEA-polycations derivatives, PHEA-HYD-CPTA, to complex and condense genomic material even at very low polycation/DNA weight ratio.

European Polymer Journal published new progress about 6249-56-5. 6249-56-5 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Phase Transfer Catalyst,Inhibitor,Natural product, name is 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride, and the molecular formula is C7H16ClNO2, Recommanded Product: 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Licciardi, Mariano published the artcileSynthesis and characterization of polyaminoacidic polycations for gene delivery, Related Products of chlorides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Biomaterials (2006), 27(9), 2066-2075, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The properties as non viral gene vector of a protein-like polymer, the α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-D,L-aspartamide (PHEA) were exploited after its derivatization with 3-(carboxypropyl)trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CPTA) as mol. bearing a cationic group, in order to obtain stable polycations able to condense DNA. PHEA was firstly functionalized with aminic pendant groups by reaction with ethylenediamine (EDA) obtaining the α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)(2-aminoethylcarbamate)-D,L-aspartamide (PHEA-EDA) copolymer. We demonstrated that polymer functionalization degree is easily modulable by varying reaction conditions, so allowing to produce two PHEA-EDA derivatives at different molar percentage of amine groups. Subsequently, the condensation reaction of PHEA-EDA copolymers with CPTA yielded α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)(2-[3-(trimethylammonium chloride)propylamide]-amidoethylcarbamate)-D,L-aspartamide (PHEA-EDA-CPTA) polycation derivatives In vitro studies were carried out to evaluate polycations ability to complex DNA and to protect it from nuclease degradation Obtained results demonstrated the good ability of our new PHEA polycationic derivatives, PHEA-EDA-CPTA, to complex and condense genomic material, neutralizing its anionic charge even at very low polycation/DNA weight ratio. Finally, PHEA-EDA-CPTA polycations were characterized by in vitro cytotoxicity studies to evaluate their effects on the viability of HuH-6 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by MTS assay. No cytotoxicity was evidenced by both polycationic derivatives after 48 h of incubation at all tested concentrations

Biomaterials published new progress about 6249-56-5. 6249-56-5 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Phase Transfer Catalyst,Inhibitor,Natural product, name is 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride, and the molecular formula is C7H16ClNO2, Related Products of chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cavallaro, Gennara published the artcileReversibly stable thiopolyplexes for intracellular delivery of genes, Application of 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride, the publication is Journal of Controlled Release (2006), 115(3), 322-334, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Novel polyaspartamide non-viral carriers for gene therapy were synthesized by introducing, on the same polymer backbone, pos. charged groups, for electrostatic interactions with DNA, and thiol groups for the formation of disulfide bridges between polymer chains. The introduction of thiols was aimed to have a vector with low redox potential sensitivity: disulfide crosslinking in fact, being stable in extracellular environment, allowed either to have stable complexes in plasma, that can protect DNA from metabolism, or to be reduced inside the cell, where the excess of glutathion in reduced form maintains a low redox potential. The consequent destabilization of the complex after disulfide cleavage can release DNA selectively inside the cells. α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-D,L-aspartamide (PHEA) was used as starting polymer being a highly water-soluble synthetic polymer, already proposed with success as therapeutic carrier by our group. In this study, PHEA was firstly functionalized with ethylendiamine, obtaining a well defined copolymer with pendant primary amine groups (PHEA-EDA), to which N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP) and 3-(carboxypropyl)trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CPTA) were linked in two subsequent steps, allowing the introduction of thiol and cationic groups resp. Finally DTT treatment lead to the final PHEA-EDA-SH-CPTA thiopolycation, named PESC. The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of the thiopolycation PESC. ¹H NMR spectroscopy detected the derivatization molar degrees in SPDP and CPTA; the formation of DNA complexes (thiopolyplexes), their stability in the presence of polyanions and the ability to release DNA under reductive conditions were studied by agarose gel electrophoresis. DNase II degradation study was carried out to detect the ability of thiopolyplex to stabilize DNA towards enzymic metabolism Thiopolyplexes were then characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta Potential anal. Finally, in vitro toxicity profile (MTT) and gene transfer efficiency (Luciferase assay) were carried out to evaluate thiopolyplex biocompatibility, safety and efficacy to be used as gene delivery system.

Journal of Controlled Release published new progress about 6249-56-5. 6249-56-5 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Phase Transfer Catalyst,Inhibitor,Natural product, name is 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride, and the molecular formula is C7H16ClNO2, Application of 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bissot, T. C. published the artcileThe reaction of O-methylhydroxylamine and its N-methyl derivatives with diborane, Product Details of C5H10Cl3O3P, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (1958), 1868-74, database is CAplus.

B₂H₆ (I) reacted with MeONH₂ (II) in Et₂O at -112° to form MeONH₂BH₃ (III), m. 55°. Hydrolysis of III with dilute HCl gave 93% of the original II, and all 3 of the hydridic H was recovered; hydrolysis with 50% KOH at 100° gave reduction of II to NH₃ and only 2/3 of the hydridic H was recovered. No reduction was observed when pure II was heated with 50% KOH. I reacted with MeONHMe (IV), with or without Et₂O, to give MeONHMeBH₃ (V), m. -23 to -21°. I reacted with NMe₃ at 0° to give an 86% yield Me₃NBH₃ (VI). Acid hydrolysis of V gave H₃BO₃ and the salt of IV; basic hydrolysis gave 27% MeNH₂ and other amines. Pure IV was unaffected by 50% KOH at 100°. Only 2/3 of the hydridic H of V was obtained by hydrolysis. I and MeONMe₂ (VII) gave MeONMe₂BH₃ (VIII), m. -16.5 to -16.0°, vapor pressure 3.8 mm. at 25°. VIII and NMe₃ reacted to regenerate 98% of the original VII. Basic hydrolysis of VIII gave 92% of the original VII and 90% of the hydridic H. III, V, VIII lost H on standing; 50% decomposition in 24 hrs. required temperatures of 55, 65, and 90°, resp. Reaction of III with BF₃ in Et₂O at 0° did not produce I and H evolution increased. Reaction of III with NMe₃ gave 22% VI; H loss was again increased. NH₃ had a similar effect. The pyrolysis of III, V, and VIII is discussed, and mechanisms for H loss and amine reduction during basis hydrolysis are suggested. When I reacted with II containing NH₃ in Et₂O, the etherate of H₂NB₂H₅ (IX) was obtained. Pure IX was obtained by complexing the Et₂O with AlCl₃ or BF₃.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 866-23-9. 866-23-9 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Diethyltrichloromethylphosphonate, and the molecular formula is C5H10Cl3O3P, Product Details of C5H10Cl3O3P.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Williams, A. C. published the artcileProduct class 4: benzopyranones and benzopyranthiones, Name: Coumarin-6-sulfonyl chloride, the publication is Science of Synthesis (2003), 347-638, database is CAplus.

A review. Methods for preparing 2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones, 4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones, 1H-2-benzopyran-1-ones, 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones, 9H-xanthenones and their corresponding thione analogs as well as 3H-2-benzopyran-3-ones are surveyed. Synthetic methods include ring closure, ring transformation, aromatization and substituent modification reactions.

Science of Synthesis published new progress about 10543-42-7. 10543-42-7 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Chloride,Sulfonyl chlorides,Ester, name is Coumarin-6-sulfonyl chloride, and the molecular formula is C5H5ClO2, Name: Coumarin-6-sulfonyl chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Lin published the artcileImpact of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α on diabetic cardiomyopathy, Synthetic Route of 637-07-0, the publication is Cardiovascular Diabetology (2021), 20(1), 2, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. The prevalence of cardiomyopathy is higher in diabetic patients than those without diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as a clin. condition of abnormal myocardial structure and performance in diabetic patients without other cardiac risk factors, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and significant valvular disease. Multiple mol. events contribute to the development of DCM, which include the alterations in energy metabolism (fatty acid, glucose, ketone and branched chain amino acids) and the abnormalities of subcellular components in the heart, such as impaired insulin signaling, increased oxidative stress, calcium mishandling and inflammation. There are no specific drugs in treating DCM despite of decades of basic and clin. investigations. This is, in part, due to the lack of our understanding as to how heart failure initiates and develops, especially in diabetic patients without an underlying ischemic cause. Some of the traditional anti-diabetic or lipid-lowering agents aimed at shifting the balance of cardiac metabolism from utilizing fat to glucose have been shown inadequately targeting multiple aspects of the conditions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a transcription factor, plays an important role in mediating DCM-related mol. events. Pharmacol. targeting of PPARα activation has been demonstrated to be one of the important strategies for patients with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a contemporary view of PPARα in association with the underlying pathophysiol. changes in DCM. We discuss the PPARα-related drugs in clin. applications and facts related to the drugs that may be considered as risky (such as fenofibrate, bezafibrate, clofibrate) or safe (pemafibrate, metformin and glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonists) or having the potential (sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor) in treating DCM.

Cardiovascular Diabetology published new progress about 637-07-0. 637-07-0 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Cell Cycle,PPAR, name is Ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H19BO2S, Synthetic Route of 637-07-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Burn, A. J. published the artcileThe reactivity of organophosphorus compounds. XVII. A novel oxidation of some tervalent compounds: reduction of carbon tetrachloride to chloroform by trialkyl phosphites, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks, the publication is Journal of the Chemical Society (1963), 5788-96, database is CAplus.

cf. CA 58, 13780a. (RO)₃P react with R’OH in the presence of CCl₄ or BrCCl₃ to give the corresponding trialkyl phosphate, CHCl₃, and an alkyl halide (when R = R’). Small quantities of the dialkyl trichloromethylphosphonate are also formed under some conditions. Variation of the phosphite and alc. (R ≠ R’) leads to mixtures of phosphates, but when R’ = tert-Bu, oxidation to (RO)₃PO occurs. The results are discussed in terms of solvolysis of intermediate quasiphosphonium ions of the type [(RO)₃PCCl₃]⁺. Similar reactions involving Ph₃P and (PhO)₃P with EtOH and polyhalomethanes have been investigated.

Journal of the Chemical Society published new progress about 866-23-9. 866-23-9 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Diethyltrichloromethylphosphonate, and the molecular formula is C5H10Cl3O3P, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Burn, A. J. published the artcileA new oxidation of trialkyl phosphites, Safety of Diethyltrichloromethylphosphonate, the publication is Chemistry & Industry (London, United Kingdom) (1963), 736-7, database is CAplus.

cf. CA 56, 3508h. Reactions of (RO)₃P and R’OH(R = Et, Bu, and allyl, and R’ = Et, Bu, tert-Bu, and allyl) with CCl₄ or BrCCl₃ to yield (RO)₃PO and phosphorylation products of the alcs. are summarized. By suitable choice of phosphite and alc., the reaction provides a useful method of oxidation of phosphites or phosphorylation of alcs. The reaction proceeds by a radical-chain process involving solvolysis of an intermediate quasiphosphonium derivative, [(RO)₃PCCl₃]⁺Cl^–.

Chemistry & Industry (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about 866-23-9. 866-23-9 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Diethyltrichloromethylphosphonate, and the molecular formula is C5H10Cl3O3P, Safety of Diethyltrichloromethylphosphonate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bunyan, P. J. published the artcileReactivity of organophosphorus compounds. XIII. Radical-chain transfer reactions of triethyl phosphite: a new phosphorothiolate synthesis, Product Details of C5H10Cl3O3P, the publication is Journal of the Chemical Society (1962), 2953-8, database is CAplus.

cf. CA 57, 4577c. Reinvestigation of the reaction between BrCCl₃ and tri-Et phosphite has revealed the formation of CCl₄ as a main product; reaction in the presence of BuSH gave S-Bu di-Et phosphorothioate in excellent yield. These and related reactions are discussed in terms of a radical-chain mechanism.

Journal of the Chemical Society published new progress about 866-23-9. 866-23-9 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Diethyltrichloromethylphosphonate, and the molecular formula is C5H10Cl3O3P, Product Details of C5H10Cl3O3P.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Leyva-Perez, Antonio published the artcileBifunctional solid catalysts for chemoselective hydrogenation-cyclisation-amination cascade reactions of relevance for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, COA of Formula: C13H9ClN2O4, the publication is Tetrahedron (2010), 66(41), 8203-8209, database is CAplus.

The benzodiazepines olanzapine (I) and clozapine (II) are nowadays manufactured by a three-step process with a final yield below 50%. An approach to environmentally-friendly intensive processes consists in the development of multifunctional solid catalyst able to catalyze multistep reactions. Here, a bifunctional metal-acid solid catalyst has been prepared and is able to carry out hydrogenation-cyclization-amination reactions in a cascade process. The catalytic system is illustrated for the synthesis of these important antipsychotics, being an alternative for the current industrial process that requires three steps batch reactions, using mineral acids and bases, and stoichiometric amounts of SnCl₂.

Tetrahedron published new progress about 60091-87-4. 60091-87-4 belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Chloride,Nitro Compound,Carboxylic acid,Amine,Benzene, name is 2-((4-Chloro-2-nitrophenyl)amino)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C13H9ClN2O4, COA of Formula: C13H9ClN2O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics