A comparative photophysical study of molecular association of structurally similar phenothiazine dyes in aqueous solutions of caffeine was written by Ghanadzadeh Gilani, A.;Ghary Haghighat, A.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2022.Computed Properties of C16H18ClN3S This article mentions the following:
This paper comparatively reports the role of a mol. additive (caffeine) on the absorption and emission spectral characteristics and mol. association of a series of phenothiazine dyes in aqueous solutions The studied dyes were five phenothiazine dyes (thionine, azure A, azure B, toluidine blue O, and methylene blue) with strong close mol. structures. The spectral data of the water-caffeine-dye systems were systematically analyzed and discussed based on the chem. structure of the constituent mols. The aggregate structure and the dimer characteristics were analyzed based on the exciton model. The additive was to act as strong water structure-breaker over the range of studied concentration The main driving force for breaking the dye aggregation is water-caffeine or dye-caffeine interactions at low and moderate caffeine contain. At the high additive concentrations, the caffeine-caffeine, dye-dimer caffeine, and caffeine-water-caffeine might have crucial role in the spectral and aggregation behavior of the dyes. Caffeine induces markedly fluorescence quenching in emission spectra of the studied dyes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4Computed Properties of C16H18ClN3S).
3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (cas: 61-73-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Computed Properties of C16H18ClN3S
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics