Month: November 2022

Fabrication of positively charged nanofiltration membrane with uniform charge distribution by reversed interfacial polymerization for Mg²⁺/Li⁺ separation was written by Li, Yunhao;Wang, Shuhao;Wu, Wenyuan;Yu, Haijun;Che, Ruxin;Kang, Guodong;Cao, Yiming. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Nanofiltration is considered a promising technol. for separation of multivalent/monovalent ions such as extracting lithium from Salt Lake brine with high Mg²⁺/Li⁺ ratio. However, the nanofiltration membranes fabricated via conventional interfacial polymerization process generally possess neg. charged surface and have low Mg²⁺/Li⁺ selectivity. Herein, we proposed a new and facile method, i.e., reversed interfacial polymerization (RIP), to prepare nanofiltration membranes with pos. charged surface and uniform charge distribution. The sequence of amine (polyethyleneimine, PEI) and acyl chloride (trimesoyl chloride, TMC) monomers on polysulfone support was reversed compared to the conventional interfacial polymerization (IP) process. Moreover, the solvent of amine monomer was acetone instead of water. The nanofiltration membranes fabricated by this method exhibited higher water flux (from 4.88 to 22.25 Lm^-2h^-1) and MgCl₂ rejection (from 84.36% to 97.71%). Meanwhile, LiCl/MgCl₂ separation factor in single salt solution reached up to 13.93, which was almost quadruple compared to the conventional control membrane. In addition, the developed nanofiltration membrane also exhibited an excellent separation selectivity (S_Li, Mg = 9.22) in mixture system (Mg²⁺/Li⁺ mass ratio of 20), which had good application potential in extracting lithium resources from Salt Lake brine. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tricyclic coumarin sulphonate derivatives with alkaline phosphatase inhibitory effects: in vitro and docking studies was written by Iqbal, Jamshed;El-Gamal, Mohammed I.;Ejaz, Syeda Abida;Lecka, Joanna;Sevigny, Jean;Oh, Chang-Hyun. And the article was included in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Application In Synthesis of 4-Chlororesorcinol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Tissue-nonspecific alk. phosphatase (TNAP) is an important isoenzyme of alk. phosphatases, which plays different pivotal roles within the human body. Most importantly, it is responsible for maintaining the balanced ratio of phosphate and inorganic pyrophosphate, thus regulates the extracellular matrix calcification during bone formation and growth. The elevated level of TNAP has been linked to vascular calcification and end-stage renal diseases. Consequently, there is a need to search for highly potent and selective inhibitors of alk. phosphatases (APs) for treatment of disorders associated with the over-expression of APs. Herein, a series of tricyclic coumarin sulfonate with known antiproliferative activity, was evaluated for AP inhibition against human tissue nonspecific alk. phosphatase (h-TNAP) and human intestinal alk. phosphatase (h-IAP). The methylbenzenesulfonate derivative (IC₅₀ = 0.38 ± 0.01 μM) was found to be the most active h-TNAP inhibitor. Another 4-fluorobenzenesulfonate derivative (IC₅₀ = 0.45 ± 0.02 μM) was found as the strongest inhibitor of h-IAP. Some of the derivatives were also identified as highly selective inhibitors of APs. Detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) was investigated to identify the functional groups responsible for the effective inhibition of AP isoenzymes. The study was also supported by the docking studies to rationalise the most possible binding site interactions of the identified inhibitors with the targeted enzymes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Application In Synthesis of 4-Chlororesorcinol).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Application In Synthesis of 4-Chlororesorcinol

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Stepwise synthesis of “Pt-on-PdAg” hybrid trigonal/hexagonal nanocrystals for efficient electroxidation of methanol: Interface engineering for trimetallic electrocatalyst was written by Zhang, Gongguo;Wang, Yingying;Liu, Feng;Kong, Yuhan;Liu, Maochang;Zheng, Yiqun. And the article was included in Journal of Alloys and Compounds in 2022.Name: Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) The following contents are mentioned in the article:

We report the fabrication of “Pt-on-PdAg” heterogeneous nanocrystals in the form of trigonal/hexagonal plate (THNPs) and explored their applications in electroxidn. of methanol (MOR) in alk. medium. In particular, PdAg polyhedral nanoparticles are prepared in advance, followed by the addition of Pt salts to allow in situ galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) between them, leading to the formation of Pt nano-islands on PdAg particle surface and the transformation of the overall morphol. into trigon/hexagon. The deliberately designed Pt-“PdAg alloy” interface arising from the hybrid structure greatly enriches the absorption sites, showing noticeable structural advantages in MOR electrocatalysis. Particularly, the carbon-supported Pt-on-PdAg THNPs exhibit nearly 30-fold increase in specific activity as compared to that of com. Pt/C, as well as enhanced reaction kinetics and long-term durability. DFT calculations suggest that the reaction of CH3OH oxidation mediated by PtAgPd is energetically more favorable compared to the similar reaction promoted by Pt, which rationalizes the exptl. observation that PtAgPd shows the improved catalytic performance. The present study offers a feasible route to construct trimetallic nanocrystals with successful interface engineering, and validates their promising use as fuel cell electrocatalyst from both exptl. validation and fundamental insights. It may help enlighten the rational design of heterostructured electrocatalysts with regulated multiple active sites. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6Name: Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Name: Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Aggregation and adsorption properties of benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium tetrachloromanganate(II) metallosurfactant in water-ethylene glycol medium was written by Wagay, Tariq Ahmad;Charingia, Anushmita;Suting, Smarling;Askari, Hassan. And the article was included in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology in 2021.Safety of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The aggregation and adsorption properties of metallosurfactant, benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium tetrachloromanganate(II) (BDHA₂[MnCl₄], where BDHA represents benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium group) in binary aqueous mixtures of ethylene glycol (EG) were investigated by tensiometric, conductometric, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods at 298.15 K. The percentage of EG (by weight) was varied between 0 and 100%. The physicochem. properties determined and discussed include critical micelle concentration (cmc), counterion binding constant (β), Gibbs free energy of micellization (), surface excess at cmc (), min. area per surfactant mol. (), surface pressure (πcmc), min. free energies (Gmin) and size of aggregates. This study revealed that with increase in percentage of EG the cmc of BDHA₂[MnCl₄] metallosurfactant increases and the cmc of BDHA₂[MnCl₄] in EG is about 158 times higher than that in water. The counterion binding constant values increase with increase in percentage of EG from 10% to 70% and thereafter decrease. The adsorption of metallosurfactant at the air-solution interface decreases as the EG content in the bulk increases. The values were found to be neg. and the neg. value decreases with increase in percentage of EG. Gordon parameter and ratio of surface tension of medium to that of the metallosurfactant solution at cmc are used to represent solvophobicity of the medium. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Safety of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Safety of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pharmacological and Molecular docking studies of new copper (II) complexes of N²-Phenyl-N⁴,N⁶-di(thiazol-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine was written by Vathanaruba, M.;Raja, S. Johnson;Princess, R.;Tharmaraj, P.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2022.Related Products of 2272-40-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cu(II) complexes of tri substituted 1,3,5 triazine based ligand (PDTTA) N²-Phenyl-N⁴,N⁶-di(thiazol-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine were synthesized. The structural features of the ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by micro anal. data, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductance, IR, UV-Visible, ¹HNMR, Mass and EPR spectral techniques. The nonelectrolytic behavior of the complexes was confirmed from their conductance data. The electrochem. behavior of the complexes was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The free ligand and its metal complexes were screened for their in vitro biol. activity against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by well diffusion method. The free ligand and the Cu(II) complexes were screened for in vivo anticonvulsant activity by maximal electroshock method and showed significant activity. Carrageenan induced rat paw edema is the most widely used primary test to screen inflammation which measures the ability of the compounds to reduce local edema induced in the rat paw by carrageenan. The ligand and Cu[(PDTTA)(ac)₂] are identified as a new lead structure, demonstrated antiinflammatory properties in preliminary studies in mice. Mol. docking study was conducted to study the mol. mechanism of antiinflammatory activity. Cu[(PDTTA)(ac)₂] is potent inhibitor of PDE4 enzyme which is involved in the inflammation process. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (cas: 2272-40-4Related Products of 2272-40-4).

4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (cas: 2272-40-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Related Products of 2272-40-4

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mechanistic insight into the roles of anions and cations in the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) catalyzed by ionic liquids was written by Ju, Zhaoyang;Zhou, Lei;Lu, Xingmei;Li, Yao;Yao, Xiaoqian;Cheng, Shenyu;Chen, Gangwei;Ge, Chengsheng. And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2021.Formula: C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown high catalytic activity in the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), but the effects of the anions and cations, as well as the mechanism, remain ambiguous. Glycolysis is an important recycling method that converts waste PET into monomers through various chem. reactions. To reveal the role of ILs and the mol. mechanism of the glycolysis of PET, d. functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out for the possible pathways for the generation of bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) catalyzed by isolated anions/cations and ion pairs at different sites. The pathway with the lowest barrier for the glycolysis of PET is the cleavage of the C-O ester bond, which generates the BHET monomer. The synergistic effects of the cations and anions play a critical role in the glycolysis of PET. The cations mainly attack the carbonyl oxygen of PET to catalyze the reaction, and the anions mainly form strong H-bonds with PET and ethylene glycol (EG). In terms of the mechanism, the H-bonds render the hydroxyl oxygen of EG more electroneg. The cation coordinates the carbonyl oxygen of the ester, and the hydroxyl oxygen of EG attacks the ester group carbon of PET, with proton transfer to the carbonyl oxygen. A four-membered-ring transition state would be formed by PET, EG, and the IL catalyst, which regularly accelerates the degradation of PET. These results provide fundamental help in understanding the roles of ILs and the mechanism of IL-catalyzed PET degradation This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Formula: C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Formula: C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hydrothermal interconversion of FAU-type zeolite in the presence of sodium and tetramethylammonium ions was written by Kweon, Sungjoon;An, Hyejin;Son, Yeo Myeong;Park, Min Bum;Min, Hyung-Ki. And the article was included in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hydrothermal interzeolite transformation is one of the well-known methods for synthesizing zeolites with novel structures and/or compositions Since various crystallization factors can affect the interzeolite conversion process like in general hydrothermal synthesis, it is important to examine them. In this study, the interconversion process is explored of the FAU-type zeolite in the simplest interzeolite transformation system, containing tetramethylammonium (TMA⁺) and Na⁺ ions as structure-directing agents. The effects of various synthetic parameters, such as the concentration of OH^–, Na⁺, and TMA⁺ ions, the Si/Al ratio, crystallization time and temperature, and types of inorganic and organic cations were investigated during the interzeolite crystallization In the optimal synthetic condition, the initial structure of parent high silica zeolite Y was transformed in the order of X-ray amorphous → low silica FAU → MAZ → SOD. The solid products obtained under the various crystallization conditions were characterized by powder XRD, SEM, framework IR, ²⁹Si MAS NMR, elemental and thermal analyses, etc. to investigate the prevailing factor in each transformation step. The proper concentration of OH^– in the synthetic mother liquor was determined to be the governing factor necessary to initiate the interzeolite transformation, and to expect a certain zeolitic phase by the structure-directing of inorganic and/or organic cations. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0HPLC of Formula: 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.HPLC of Formula: 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Electrochemical aptasensor based on gold modified thiol graphene as sensing platform and gold-palladium modified zirconium metal-organic frameworks nanozyme as signal enhancer for ultrasensitive detection of mercury ions was written by Wang, Yaoguang;Wang, Yingying;Wang, Fangzheng;Chi, Hong;Zhao, Guanhui;Zhang, Yong;Li, Tianduo;Wei, Qin. And the article was included in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science in 2022.Application of 13820-53-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Gold modified thiol graphene (Au@HS-rGO) was prepared and applied as sensing platform for constructing the electrochem. aptasensor. While gold-palladium modified zirconium metal-organic frameworks (AuPd@UiO-67) nanozyme was employed as signal enhancer for detecting mercury ions (Hg²⁺) sensitively. Herein, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were modified on HS-rGO to form the thin Au@HS-rGO layer. Then the substrate strand (Apt1) was modified on the platform through Au-S bond. The signal strand (Apt2) was further decorated on the platform in the presence of Hg²⁺. Herein, the Apt2 was labeled with AuPd@UiO-67 nanozyme, which exhibited catalase-like properties to catalyze H₂O₂, thereby generating the elec. signal. With the concentration of Hg²⁺ increased, the amount of modified Apt2-AuPd@UiO-67 increased, leading to the rise of current response. Since the current responses were linear with concentration of Hg²⁺, the detection of Hg²⁺ can be achieved. Under the optimum conditions, the prepared electrochem. aptasensor exhibited wide linear range from 1.0 nmol/L to 1.0 mmol/L, along with a low detection limit of 0.16 nmol/L. Moreover, the electrochem. aptasensor showed excellent selectivity, reproducibility and stability, together with superior performance in actual water sample anal. Therefore, this proposed electrochem. aptasensor may have promising applications and provide references for environmental monitoring and management. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6Application of 13820-53-6).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application of 13820-53-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tailoring shape and exposed crystal facet of single-crystal layered-oxide cathode particles for all-solid-state batteries was written by Jeon, Hoyeol;Kwon, Deok-Hwang;Kim, Hyoungchul;Lee, Jong-Ho;Jun, Yongseok;Son, Ji-Won;Park, Sangbaek. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2022.Synthetic Route of ClLi The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The design of composite cathode microstructures is important for improving the performance of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). The microstructural properties can provide efficient ionic/electronic percolation, good cathode/solid electrolyte (SE) contact, and minimal void spaces. Although the effects of the size of cathode and SE particles have been extensively investigated, the shape effects of cathode particles remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the shape and exposed crystal facet of cathode particles affect the electrochem. performance of ASSBs using crack-free single-crystalline LiNi₀.₆Co₀.₂Mn₀.₂O₂ (NCM) as the cathode and oxidation-tolerant Li₃YCl₆ as the SE. Systematic studies using five particle shapes (octahedra, plates, rods, spherical single crystals, and spherical polycrystals) reveal the important effects of the shape and exposed facets on the solid-solid contact as well as Li⁺ ion diffusion in composite cathodes. Single-crystalline octahedral NCM particles have a higher rate capability than that of their counterparts because their wide planar surface promoted plane-to-plane contact with the SE and the (0 1 2) facets provided straightforward 3D Li⁺ transfer channels between the surface and the center. These results suggest that single-crystal NCM cathodes with advanced shapes and exposed facets can enable the fabrication of ASSBs with superior performance. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Synthetic Route of ClLi).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Synthetic Route of ClLi

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Probabilistic neural networks modeling of the 48-h LC50 acute toxicity endpoint to Daphnia magna was written by Niculescu, S. P.;Lewis, M. A.;Tigner, J.. And the article was included in SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research in 2008.Safety of 4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Two modeling experiments based on the maximum likelihood estimation paradigm and targeting prediction of the Daphnia magna 48-h LC50 acute toxicity endpoint for both organic and inorganic compounds are reported. The resulting models computational algorithms are implemented as basic probabilistic neural networks with Gaussian kernel (statistical corrections included). The first experiment uses strictly D. magna information for 971 structures as training/learning data and the resulting model targets practical applications. The second experiment uses the same training/learning information plus addnl. data on another 29 compounds whose endpoint information is originating from D. pulex and Ceriodaphnia dubia. It only targets investigation of the effect of mixing strictly D. magna 48-h LC50 modeling information with small amounts of similar information estimated from related species, and this is done as part of the validation process. A complementary 81 compounds dataset (involving only strictly D. magna information) is used to perform external testing. On this external test set, the Gaussian character of the distribution of the residuals is confirmed for both models. This allows the use of traditional statistical methodol. to implement computation of confidence intervals for the unknown measured values based on the models predictions. Examples are provided for the model targeting practical applications. For the same model, a comparison with other existing models targeting the same endpoint is performed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (cas: 2272-40-4Safety of 4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine).

4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (cas: 2272-40-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Safety of 4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics