Month: November 2022

Analysis of mutagenic components of oxidative hair dyes with the Ames test was written by Zhou, Su;Li, Rui;Zhang, Zhichao;Gu, Minyang;Zhu, Hongyan;Fang, Jing;Ji, Zhiwen;Xu, Xiaodong;Tang, Liming. And the article was included in Human & Experimental Toxicology in 2021.Quality Control of 4-Chlororesorcinol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Oxidative hair dyes consist of two components (I and II) that are mixed before use. Aromatic amines in component I and their reaction with hydrogen peroxide after mixing them with component II have been of primary concern. In addition, two in vitro genotoxicity assays are still required for the approval of the final products of oxidative hair dyes in China, and the substance in the oxidative hair dye that causes the high rate of pos. results in genotoxicity tests, especially the Ames test, has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the formulation of 55 different oxidative hair dyes from 7 color series and performed Ames tests in the strain TA98 with the S9 mix (oxidative hair dyes Number 1-30) and in strain TA97a without the S9 mix (oxidative hair dyes Number 31-55). We found that toluene-2,5-diamine sulfate (2,5-diaminotoluene sulfate, DATS) in component I may be the cause of mutagenicity in TA98, and hydrogen peroxide in component II may be the cause of mutagenicity in TA97a, and their pos. concentrations were consistent with those that we calculated from Ames tests. The results suggest that the pos. results for the oxidative hair dye in the Ames test were inevitable because of the existence of DATS in component I and of hydrogen peroxide in component II. Therefore, we should carry out safety assessments on each raw material and carry out risk assessments on the final products of oxidative hair dyes instead of genotoxicity tests in China. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Quality Control of 4-Chlororesorcinol).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Quality Control of 4-Chlororesorcinol

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Thermodynamic Modeling of Salting Effects in Solvent Extraction of Cobalt(II) from Chloride Media by the Basic Extractant Methyltrioctylammonium Chloride was written by Lommelen, Rayco;Binnemans, Koen. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 5137-55-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The design and optimization of solvent extraction processes for metal separations are challenging tasks due to the large number of adjustable parameters. A quant. predictive solvent extraction model could help to determine the optimal parameters for solvent extraction flow sheets, but such predictive models are not available yet. The main difficulties for such models are the large deviations from ideal thermodn. behavior in both the aqueous and organic phases due to high solute concentrations We constructed a mol. thermodn. model for the extraction of CoCl₂ from different chloride salts by 0.2 mol L^-1 trioctylmethylammonium chloride in toluene using the OLI mixed-solvent electrolyte (OLI-MSE) framework. This was accomplished by analyzing the water and hydrochloric acid content of the organic phase, measuring the water activity of the system, and using metal complex speciation and solvent extraction data. The full extractant concentration range cannot be modeled by the OLI-MSE framework as this framework lacks a description for reversed micelle formation. Nevertheless, salting effects and the behavior of hydrochloric acid can be accurately described with the presented extraction model, without determining specific Co(II)-salt cation interaction parameters. The resulting model shows that the salting effects originate from indirect salt cation-solvent interactions that influence the availability of water in the aqueous and organic phases. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3HPLC of Formula: 5137-55-3).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.HPLC of Formula: 5137-55-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pyranopyrazoles as efficient antimicrobial agents: Green, one pot and multicomponent approach was written by Reddy, Guda Mallikarjuna;Garcia, Jarem Raul;Zyryanov, Grigory V.;Sravya, Gundala;Reddy, Nemallapudi Bakthavatchala. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 638-07-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Innovative therapeutic heterocycles having precisely thiadiazolyl-pyranopyrazole fragments were prepared by using the ecofriendly synthetic route. Entire compounds formed in quant. yields. All the composites tested for their antimicrobial effectiveness against four microbial, two beneficial fungi’s and accurately measured the min. inhibitory concentrations (MIC and MBC/MFC), along with some initial structure activity relationships (SARs) also discussed. From the biol. outcomes, the motif 6f provided an outstanding activity against all six pathogens. The possible presence of a nitro substituent on this composite may undoubtedly enhance the activity. In addition, amalgams 6d, 6g and 6l displayed promising antimicrobial results. This may be justified to the presence of electron capture group attached to the benzene ring, while the combinations 6j and 6k were zero effect towards all bacterial strains. The other compounds were excellent to low antimicrobial efficiency. The intriguing point was observed that all the active compounds had in common immense antibacterial effectiveness on Gram-neg. bacteria than Gram-pos. one and more antifungal activity on A. niger compare to other fungus. All things considered and suggested that this outstanding green synthetic approach is used to develop biol. active compounds On top of that, biol. results confirmed that these biol. energetic motifs suitable for addnl. preclin. examine with the aim of standing novel innovative drugs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3HPLC of Formula: 638-07-3).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.HPLC of Formula: 638-07-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photoechogenic Inflatable Nanohybrids for Upconversion-Mediated Sonotheranostics was written by Jeong, Keunsoo;Kim, Dojin;Kim, Hyun Jun;Lee, Yong-Deok;Yoo, Jounghyun;Jang, Dohyub;Lee, Seokyung;Park, Hyeonjong;Kim, Youngsun;Singh, Ajay;Ahn, Dong June;Kim, Dong Ha;Bang, Joona;Kim, Jungahn;Prasad, Paras N.;Kim, Sehoon. And the article was included in ACS Nano in 2021.Related Products of 638-07-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hybrid nanostructures are promising for ultrasound-triggered drug delivery and treatment, called sonotheranostics. Structures based on plasmonic nanoparticles for photothermal-induced microbubble inflation for ultrasound imaging exist. However, they have limited therapeutic applications because of short microbubble lifetimes and limited contrast. Photochem.-based sonotheranostics is an attractive alternative, but building near-IR (NIR)-responsive echogenic nanostructures for deep tissue applications is challenging because photolysis requires high-energy (UV-visible) photons. Here, we report a photochem.-based echogenic nanoparticle for in situ NIR-controlled ultrasound imaging and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. Our nanoparticle has an upconversion nanoparticle core and an organic shell carrying gas generator mols. and drugs. The core converts low-energy NIR photons into UV emission for photolysis of the gas generator. Carbon dioxide gases generated in the tumor-penetrated nanoparticle inflate into microbubbles for sonotheranostics. Using different NIR laser power allows dual-modal upconversion luminescence planar imaging and cross-sectional ultrasonog. Low-frequency (10 MHz) ultrasound stimulated microbubble collapse, releasing drugs deep inside the tumor through cavitation-induced transport. We believe that the photoechogenic inflatable hierarchical nanostructure approach introduced here can have broad applications for image-guided multimodal theranostics. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3Related Products of 638-07-3).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Related Products of 638-07-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application of 2,4-bis(halomethyl)quinoline: synthesis and biological activities of 2,4-bis(benzofuran-2-yl)- and 2,4-bis(aroxymethyl)quinolines was written by Li, Yang;Xu, Qiqi;Li, Zhiyuan;Gao, Wentao;Chen, Yu. And the article was included in Molecular Diversity in 2020.Reference of 638-07-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The synthesis of a new type of halomethylquinoline building block, i.e., Et 4-(bromomethyl)-2-(chloromethyl)quinoline-3-carboxylate, and its synthetic applications in the reaction with salicylaldehydes/o-acetylphenols R-2-HOC₆H₃C(O)R¹ [R = H, 5-MeO, 5-C(CH₃)₃, 3-F-5-C(CH₃)₃, etc.; R¹ = H, Me] or phenols R²C₆H₄OH [R² = H, 2-Me, 4-MeO, 2-F, 2-F-4-C(CH₃)₃, etc.] to make a range of structurally novel and intriguing 2,4-bis(benzofuran-2-yl)quinoline- I [R³ = 7-F-5-C(CH₃)₃, 7-Br-5-C(CH₃)₃, 3-Me-5-Br, etc.] and 2,4-bis(aroxymethyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acids II is described. This newly synthesized compounds belong to a new class of quinoline derivatives, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data and elemental analyses. Screening for in vitro anti-tubercular against Mycobacterium smegmatis and anti-bacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out. Compounds I [R² = 7-F-5-C(CH₃)₃ and 7-Br-5-C(CH₃)₃] showed significant anti-tubercular activity comparable with the reference rifampicin and might be used as promising candidates for further investigation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3Reference of 638-07-3).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Reference of 638-07-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mechanistic Insight into the Reactivities of Aqueous-Phase Singlet Oxygen with Organic Compounds was written by Barrios, Benjamin;Mohrhardt, Benjamin;Doskey, Paul V.;Minakata, Daisuke. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2021.Recommanded Product: 95-88-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is a selective reactive oxygen species that plays a key role for the fate of various organic compounds in the aquatic environment under sunlight irradiation, engineered water oxidation systems, atm. water droplets, and biomedical systems. While the initial rate-determining charge-transfer reaction mechanisms and kinetics of ¹O₂ have been studied extensively, no comprehensive studies have been performed to elucidate the reaction mechanisms with organic compounds that have various functional groups. In this study, we use d. functional theory calculations to determine elementary reaction mechanisms with a wide variety of organic compounds The theor. calculated aqueous-phase free energies of activation of single electron transfer and ¹O₂ addition reactions are compared to the exptl. determined rate constants in the literature to determine linear free-energy relationships. The theor. calculated free energies of activation for the groups of phenolates and phenols show excellent correlations with the Hammett constants that accept electron densities by through-resonance. The dominant elementary reaction mechanism is discussed for each group of compounds As a practical implication, we demonstrate the fate of environmentally relevant organic compounds induced by photochem. produced intermediate species at different pH and evaluate the impact of predicting rate constants to the half-life. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Recommanded Product: 95-88-5).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Recommanded Product: 95-88-5

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Study on the Surface Properties and Aggregation Behavior of Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants with Amide Bonds was written by Wang, Liyan;Yang, Jia;He, Xianyou;Zhao, Ming;Cheng, Danyang;Wang, Aiqi;Yin, Guangming;Zhao, Bing;Liu, Yongzhi;Wang, Wenbo. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2020.Computed Properties of C25H46ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A number of techniques, including conductivity, surface tension, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and ¹H NMR (¹H NMR), Fourier transform IR (FT-IR), and ¹H-¹H 2D nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (¹H-¹H 2D NOESY), have been used to investigate the effect of amide bonds on the interfacial and assembly properties of a cationic surfactant, N-anilinoformylmethyl-N-cetyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride (AMC-C₁₆), in aqueous solutions The adsorption of AMC-C₁₆ has been found to be much better than that of the conventional cationic surfactant, benzyl cetyldimethylammonium chloride (BAC-16) at the air/water interface and in solution The surface tension measurements show the presence of two critical aggregation concentrations (CAC₁ and CAC₂) for AMC-C₁₆. The presence of a strong intermol. hydrogen bond of AMC-C₁₆ was confirmed by ¹H NMR and FT-TR. The mol. interactions of AMC-C₁₆ were detected by ¹H-¹H 2D NOESY. The results show that the rigid group (phenyl) of AMC-C₁₆ was partially overlapped with its alkyl chain in aqueous solution, and the possible aggregation behavior for AMC-C₁₆ was proposed. The effects of an inorganic salt (NaCl) and an organic salt (C₆H₅COONa) to the aggregates of AMC-C₁₆ have been discussed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Computed Properties of C25H46ClN).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Computed Properties of C25H46ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor using trimetallic nanozyme as signal amplification for NT-proBNP sensitive detection was written by Zhang, Bin;Li, Fei;Han, Feng;Yang, Haixia;Jiang, Chenglong;Tan, Siheng;Tu, Jinchun;Qiao, Bin;Wang, Xiaohong;Wu, Qiang. And the article was included in Bioelectrochemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 13820-53-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem trigged by a heart circulation disorder. Early detection and diagnosis are conducive to the prevention and treatment of HF. N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP) is considered to be a sensitive diagnostic biomarker of HF. In this study, we constructed a NT-proBNP sandwich electrochem. immunosensor by using electroplated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as the substrate and utilizing rough-surfaced trimetallic Au@PdPt nanozymes (Au@PdPt RTNs) as current signal amplification. The Au NPs as substrate material modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) have excellent conductivity and biocompatibility, which not only accelerate electron transfer rate, but also improve the loading capacity of primary antibody (Ab1). Moreover, the Au@PdPt RTNs were synthesized by a one-pot method and used as the labels to bound with secondary antibodies (Ab2) via the Pt-N. The large sp. surface area and excellent catalytic properties for H2O2 of Au@PdPt RTNs can effectively enhance the stability and sensitivity of the immunosensor. With the favorable cooperation of Au NPs and Au@PdPt RTNs, the constructed immunosensor exhibited a wide concentration range from 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit of 0.046 pg mL-1. Furthermore, the accuracy of the anal. of NT-proBNP in diluted human serum samples was satisfactory. The results revealed the electrochem. immunosensor has a prospective application in clin. detection. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6HPLC of Formula: 13820-53-6).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.HPLC of Formula: 13820-53-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation and ion separation properties of sub-nanoporous PES membrane with high chemical resistance was written by Wu, Shuhang;Cheng, Yaxiong;Ma, Jie;Huang, Qinggang;Dong, Yuhua;Duan, Jinglai;Mo, Dan;Sun, Youmei;Liu, Jie;Yao, Huijun. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2021.Quality Control of Tetramethylammonium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The sub-nanochannel materials have attracted extensive attention because of the great potentials in ion separation and water filtration due to their unique ionic transport properties. However, effectively preparing the sub-nanoporous membranes with tunable channel size is still a challenge. In this study, a green and convenient method is introduced to prepare sub-nanoporous polyethersulfone (PES) membrane with highly aligned channels by swift heavy ion irradiation, UV sensitization, and water rinse. Through adjusting the membrane’s UV sensitization time, the channel diameter of sub-nanoporous PES membrane can be facilely regulated at sub-nanoscale, which is essential to design the tailor-made membranes for specific applications. It is found that ionic transport in sub-nanoporous PES membrane exhibits voltage-activated features associated with the ionic dehydration at angstrom-confined space, with the corresponding I-V characteristics showing a dependence on ion species, channel size, and solution pH. Such a membrane can work as an excellent ion-exchange membrane in electrodialysis ion separation, exhibiting a separation ratio of K⁺:Na⁺:Li⁺:Mg²⁺ as high as 83:56:14:1 and K⁺ transport rate up to 0.82 mol h^-1 m^-2 under 10 V driving force. It is proved that the sub-nanoporous PES membrane also possesses strong chem. and electrochem. tolerances, which are the prerequisites for future utilizations. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Quality Control of Tetramethylammonium chloride).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Quality Control of Tetramethylammonium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zinc oxide nanoparticles inhibit osteosarcoma metastasis by downregulating β-catenin via HIF-1α/BNIP3/LC3B-mediated mitophagy pathway was written by He, Guanping;Nie, Jing-Jun;Liu, Xiao;Ding, Zihao;Luo, Peng;Liu, Yu;Zhang, Bo-Wen;Wang, Renxian;Liu, Xiaoguang;Hai, Yong;Chen, Da-Fu. And the article was included in Bioactive Materials in 2023.Formula: ClLi The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Osteosarcoma (OS) therapy faces many challenges, especially the poor survival rate once metastasis occurs. Therefore, it is crucial to explore new OS treatment strategies that can efficiently inhibit OS metastasis. Bioactive nanoparticles such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) can efficiently inhibit OS growth, however, the effect and mechanisms of them on tumor metastasis are still not clear. In this study, we firstly prepared well-dispersed ZnO NPs and proved that ZnO NPs can inhibit OS metastasis-related malignant behaviors including migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RNA-Seqs found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ZnO NP-treated OS cells were enriched in wingless/integrated (Wnt) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. We further proved that Zn2+ released from ZnO NPs induced downregulation of β-catenin expression via HIF-1α/BNIP3/LC3B-mediated mitophagy pathway. ZnO NPs combined with ICG-001, a β-catenin inhibitor, showed a synergistic inhibitory effect on OS lung metastasis and a longer survival time. In addition, tissue microarray (TMA) of OS patients also detected much higher β-catenin expression which indicated the role of β-catenin in OS development. In summary, our current study not only proved that ZnO NPs can inhibit OS metastasis by degrading β-catenin in HIF-1α/BNIP3/LC3B-mediated mitophagy pathway, but also provided a far-reaching potential of ZnO NPs in clin. OS treatment with metastasis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Formula: ClLi).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Formula: ClLi

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics