Month: November 2022

Targeted photoresponsive carbazole-coumarin and drug conjugates for efficient combination therapy in leukemia cancer cells was written by Wang, Bing-Yen;Lin, Yen-Cheng;Lai, Yi-Ting;Ou, Jia-Yu;Chang, Wen-Wei;Chu, Chih-Chien. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 638-07-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Phototriggered drug delivery systems (PTDDSs) facilitate controlled delivery of drugs loaded on photoactive platform to the target region under light stimulation. The present study investigated the synthesis and efficacy of carbazole-coumarin (CC)-fused heterocycles as a PTDDS platform for the photocontrolled release of a chemotherapeutic agent, chlorambucil, in an in vitro model of human breast and leukemia cancer cells. CC-fused heterocycles were constructed using 4-hydroxycarbazole as the starting material, and further modification of these heterocycles yielded two CC derivatives CC-7 with an addnl. – COOH group and CC-8 with the triphenylphosphonium (TPP) group, a mitochondria-targeting ligand introduced in the carbazole ring, dissolved in polar solvents and exhibited emission bands at 360 and 450 nm, resp. The results indicate that visible light of 405 nm triggers the photolysis of the CC-drug conjugate and efficiently delivers the drug in both in vitro cancer cell models. Cytotoxicity evaluation indicates the suppression of proliferation of both types of cells treated with CC-8 under synergy effect combining drug potency and photosensitization. Further, the lower IC₅₀ of CC-8 toward leukemia cells suggests the efficacy of the TPP ligand in increasing the bioavailability of CC-drug conjugates in leukemia treatment. Studies on mitochondria-targeting drug delivery systems are required for improving the performance of anticancer drugs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3HPLC of Formula: 638-07-3).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.HPLC of Formula: 638-07-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The copolymerization of SO₂ with propylene oxide mediated by organic ammonium salts: a comprehensive study of the main-chain structure, living polymerization character and regioselectivity was written by Jin, Xian-Chao;Ren, Bai-Hao;Gu, Ge-Ge;Yue, Tian-Jun;Ren, Wei-Min. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The utilization of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) for constructing sulfur-containing polymers is of much significance in terms of both environmental issues and obtaining high-value materials. The copolymerization of SO₂ with epoxides is deemed to be an efficient way to meet this desire. However, several problems, including issues involving mixed polymer segments (polysulfite vs. polyether), cyclic byproducts, uncontrolled mol. weights, and undetermined stereochem., have largely limited the development of this reaction. This study investigates these problems via studying the organic ammonium salt catalyzed copolymerization of SO₂ with propylene oxide (PO). Main-chain anal. via NMR spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) proved that the copolymer was an alternating copolymer. The co-present polyether segments had a cyclic structure, which was the result of the cationic homopolymerization of PO. Furthermore, the low enantiomeric excess (ee) of the copolymer hydrolysis products, derived from the copolymerization of SO₂ with optically pure PO, suggested the poor regioselectivity of copolymerization, and this was further proved via d. functional theory (DFT) calculations Addnl., the cyclic sulfite byproducts turned out to be generated via alkoxide back-biting at the sulfite units in the polymer chains. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Recommanded Product: 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Recommanded Product: 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and biological potency of anilino-triazine insecticides was written by Johnson, Timothy C.;Brown, Annette V.;Bryan, Kristy K.;Guenthenspberger, Katherine K.;Hunter, Ricky;Martin, Timothy P.;Niyaz, Noormohamed;Tisdell, Gene F.;Trullinger, Tony. And the article was included in Pest Management Science in 2017.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

BACKGROUND : An insecticide screening effort identified N-(4-bromophenyl)-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,5-triazine-2-amine as having weak potency against two lepidopteran species, Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera exigua. A structure-activity relationship study about the trifluoroethoxy substituents and the aniline of this compound was carried out in an effort to improve insecticidal potency. RESULTS : Initially, a series of analogs bearing various substituents on the aniline were prepared, and the insecticidal potency was evaluated against H. zea and S. exigua in greenhouse diet feeding assays. The results showed that electron-withdrawing substituents, such as Cl, Br and CF₃, were preferred over electron-donating substituents, such as methoxy, and that potency was significantly better when the substituent was in the para-position. Addnl. investigations showed that bis(anilino)trifluoroethoxytriazines were more potent. Replacement of the remaining trifluoroethyl group in the bis(anilino)triazine series with an alkyl amine lead to compounds of equal or superior efficacy. CONCLUSION : The work presented showed that electron-withdrawing substituents in the para-position of the aniline ring of the initial hit delivered the best levels of insecticidal potency against the two insect species tested. Further investigations showed that potency could be improved by replacing one of the two trifluoroethoxy groups with addnl. 4-substituted aniline. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (cas: 2272-40-4Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

4,6-Dichloro-N-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (cas: 2272-40-4) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of new 1,3,4-oxadiazole and benzothiazolylthioether derivatives of 4-arylmethylidene-3-substituted-isoxazol-5(4H)-one as potential antimycobacterial agents was written by Chavan, Abhijit P.;Deshpande, Rujuta R.;Borade, Nandkumar A.;Shinde, Abhijit;Mhaske, Pravin C.;Sarkar, Dhiman;Bobade, Vivek D.. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry Research in 2019.Name: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A new series of 4-[(substituted benzylidene)-3-[(5-(pyridine-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-ylthio)-methyl]]isoxazol-5(4H)-one and 4-(substituted benzylidene)-3-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)methyl)isoxazol-5(4H)-one I and II [Ar = Ar¹ = 4-methylphenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-indolyl, etc.], resp. was synthesized. All the synthesized compounds I and II were screened for antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (ATCC 25177) and Mycobacterium bovis BCG (ATCC 35743) and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (NCIM 2576), Pseudomonas flurescence (NCIM 2059), Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM 2602), Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 2162). Amongst the synthesized 1,3,4-oxadiazole and benzothiazoyl thioether derivatives, compounds I and II [Ar = Ar¹ = 4-methoxyphenyl] showed excellent antimycobacterial activity and compounds I [Ar = 4-methoxyphenyl], II [Ar¹ = 4-methylphenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl] showed excellent antibacterial activity against all tested antibacterial strains. The synthesized compounds I and II were further evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against the HCT 116 and HeLa cancer cell lines. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole and benzothiazoyl thioether derivatives I and II did not showed cytotoxicity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3Name: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Name: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zwitterionic daptomycin stabilized palladium nanoparticles with enhanced peroxidase-like properties for glucose detection was written by Liang, Ying;Li, Hongchen;Fan, Liyuan;Li, Ruyu;Cui, Yanshuai;Ji, Xianbing;Xiao, Haiyan;Hu, Jie;Wang, Longgang. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2022.COA of Formula: Cl4Na2Pd The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Mimic enzymes, especially noble metal nanomaterials, replace natural horseradish peroxidase due to the artificial regulation of catalytic activity by adjusting particle size and morphol. However, the existing mimic enzymes still have disadvantages such as large particle size, easy clustering and poor biocompatibility. Herein, well-dispersed daptomycin stabilized palladium nanoparticles (Dap-Pdn NPs) were synthesized by using daptomycin as a biol. template. The average particle size of palladium nanoparticles of Dap-Pd_0.25 NPs was 1.73 nm, the hydrodynamic size of Dap-Pd_0.25 NPs detected by DLS method was 49.97 nm, Dap-Pd_0.25 NPs were stable in fibrinogen solution In addition, Dap-Pd_0.25 NPs had excellent peroxidase-like activity, which effectively catalyzed the colorimetric oxidation reaction of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H₂O₂. Dap-Pd_0.25 NPs were used to detect glucose concentration based on the colorimetric reaction of TMB, which had a wide detection range (0.02-1 mM) and low detection limit (5.6μM) for glucose. Besides, fluorescence experiments proved that Dap-Pdn NPs catalyzed H₂O₂ to generate.OH. Taken together, a simple, green and inexpensive synthesis method of palladium nanoparticles with enhanced peroxidase-like activity was proved in this research. Dap-Pdn NPs will have great application prospects in biol. detection in the future. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6COA of Formula: Cl4Na2Pd).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).COA of Formula: Cl4Na2Pd

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shape-Control of Pt-Ru Nanocrystals: Tuning Surface Structure for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation was written by Huang, Liang;Zhang, Xueping;Wang, Qingqing;Han, Yujie;Fang, Youxing;Dong, Shaojun. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2018.Recommanded Product: N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Despite the fact that both electrochem. experiments and d. functional theory calculations have testified to the superior electrocatalytic activity and CO-poisoning tolerance of PtRu alloy nanoparticles toward the MeOH oxidation reaction (MOR), the facet-dependent electrocatalytic properties of PtRu nanoparticles are scarcely revealed because it is extremely difficult to synthesize well-defined facets-enclosed PtRu nanocrystals. We, for the 1st time, report a general synthesis of ultrathin PtRu nanocrystals with tunable morphologies (nanowires, nanorods, and nanocubes) through a 1-step solvothermal approach and a systematic study of the structure-directing effects of different surfactants and the formation mechanism by control experiments and time-dependent studies. We use these {100} and {111} facets-enclosed PtRu nanocrystals as model catalysts to evaluate the electrocatalytic characteristics of the MOR on different facets. Remarkably, {111}-terminated PtRu nanowires exhibit much higher stability and electrocatalytic mass activity toward MOR, which are 2.28 and 4.32 times higher than those of {100}-terminated PtRu nanocubes and com. Pt/C, resp., indicating that PtRu {111} facets possess superior MeOH oxidation activity and CO-poisoning resistance relative to {100} facets. This work provides a series of well-defined PtRu nanocrystals with tunable facets which would be ideal model electrocatalysts for fundamental research in fuel cell electrocatalysis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Recommanded Product: N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Recommanded Product: N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Flexible self-powered integrated sensing system based on a rechargeable zinc-ion battery by using a multifunctional polyacrylamide/carboxymethyl chitosan/LiCl ionic hydrogel was written by Li, Yueqin;Yang, Yong;Liu, Xiaohui;Yang, Yiwen;Wu, Yiyang;Han, Lin;Han, Qiangshan. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2022.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Wearable smart sensors based on conductive hydrogels have attracted intensive research interest due to their high comfort and accurate detection of physiol. signals. However, most reported hydrogel sensors cannot work independently and require external power. Herein, we report a novel electrochem.-driving self-powered strain sensor based on a multifunctional polyacrylamide/carboxymethyl chitosan/LiCl (PAAM/CMC/LiCl) hydrogel. This hydrogel was facilely prepared by one-step UV-initiated polymerization strategy and integrated high stretchability (a large strain of 640% with a tensile strength of 67 kPa), anti-drying and anti-freezing (-48.27°C) properties, self-healing ability, as well as good elec. conductivity (0.56 S/m). As an effective electrolyte material, the PAAM/CMC/LiCl hydrogel is directly assembled with Zn and MnO₂ electrodes to form a flexible zinc-ion battery (ZIB), from which a decent specific capacity and desirable stable power output are found even under various mech. stimuli. Taking advantage of the high strain sensibility of the PAAM/CMC/LiCl hydrogel, a closed loop consisting of the ZIB and a fixed resistor can realize the function of strain sensing and energy storage capabilities simultaneously. This self-powered sensing system has demonstrated high sensitivity, good stability and strong power-generating performance during the real-time monitoring of human activities, which are highly anticipated in the wearable electronics. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The impact and mechanism of quaternary ammonium compounds on the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes was written by Han, Yue;Zhou, Zhen-Chao;Zhu, Lin;Wei, Yuan-Yuan;Feng, Wan-Qiu;Xu, Lan;Liu, Yang;Lin, Ze-Jun;Shuai, Xin-Yi;Zhang, Zhi-Jian;Chen, Hong. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2019.SDS of cas: 122-18-9 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in microbes can be largely attributed to the abuse and misuse of antibiotics and biocides. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have been used worldwide as common disinfectants and detergents; however, their potential impact on the spread and diffusion of ARGs is still unknown. In this study, we detected the QAC resistance gene (qacEΔ1), the 1 integron gene (intI1), and 12 ARGs (sul1, sul2, cfr, cml, fexA, tetA, tetG, tetQ, tetX, ermB, bla_TEM, and dfrA1) in 48 water samples from three watersheds by quant. PCR (qPCR). We investigated the evolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance under QAC and antibiotic environmental pressures by long-term continuous culture. The changes in bacterial cell membrane and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry, revealing the mechanism by which QAC affects the spread of antibiotic resistance. Our results showed that the QAC resistance gene was ubiquitous in watersheds and it had significant correlation with intI1 and seven ARGs (r = 0.999, p < 0.01). QACs could increase the resistance of bacteria to multiple antibiotics. QACs enhanced membrane permeability of bacterial cells and stimulated bacteria to produce ROS, which potentially promoted the transfer of plasmids between bacteria. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that QACs may facilitate the evolution and gene transfer of antibiotic resistance gene among microbiome. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9SDS of cas: 122-18-9).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.SDS of cas: 122-18-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pd nanoparticles anchored on porous boron nitride nanofibers as highly active and stable electrocatalysts for formic acid oxidation was written by Zhang, Hao;Li, Danyang;Li, Qiaoling;Guo, Kai;Yu, Chao;Lin, Jing;Tang, Chengchun;Huang, Yang. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2022.Recommanded Product: 13820-53-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) are promising power generation technologies for various electronic devices. The design of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) plays an important role for the com. applications of the DFAFCs. Herein, porous boron nitride (BN) supported Pd nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed as unique and effective composite catalysts for FAOR. Porous BN nanofibers (BNNFs) has been utilized as a functional support to anchor of Pd NPs. The high sp. surface area and rich porosity of BNNFs play a key role for the well-dispersion and stabilization of Pd NPs with uniform ultra-small size (∼2.32 nm) on their surface. The developed Pd/BNNFs composite catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity for FAOR with the mass activity of 725 mA mg^-1Pd and a very low onset potential (about -0.12 V). Comparative experiments confirm that the microstructure of porous BN carrier greatly affects the electrocatalytic behaviors of the composite catalyst in FAOR. As compared with the composite catalyst using BN microfibers (BNMFs) as a support, the developed Pd/BNNFs catalyst shows superior catalytic activity and long-term stability owing to the larger sp. surface area of BNNFs and stronger interaction between Pd NPs and support. This study not only illustrates that porous BN is a desirable catalyst carrier for catalytic FAOR but also provides new ideas for the design of novel BN-based catalysts. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6Recommanded Product: 13820-53-6).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Recommanded Product: 13820-53-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gold nanoparticles optical properties induced by water and an ionic liquid (bmimBF₄) inside cationic reverse micelles was written by Blach, Diana;Martinez O., Fernando. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2017.Electric Literature of C25H46ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The authors report the effect of a polar solvent entrapped in benzyl-n-hexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (BHDC) reverse micelles (RMs) as nanoreactors for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We evaluate how the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (bmimBF₄) and water inside the RMs could control the interactions at the interface as a key factor that affects the final properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. The results show that the bmimBF₄ supramol. network under confinement plays an important role in the nucleation and growth mechanism of AuNPs. In addition, the results show how the polar solvent could induce a specific interaction at the interface, including ionic segregation, which affects the BHDC chloride (Cl^–) counterion availability at the interface, droplet size, interface flexibility and thus the material exchange rate between droplets. These factors strongly influence the AuNPs size, polydispersity, morphol. and crystallinity. The RTIL bmimBF₄ in BHDC RMs induces a decrease in ionic segregation of the Cl^– ions available at the interface which favors sphericity and monocrystallinity in the AuNPs formed. Moreover, water does not affect the availability of Cl^– ions at the interface, and the insertion of these ions in the previous crystalline layer is a key factor in the anisotropy and polycrystallinity of the AuNPs obtained. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Electric Literature of C25H46ClN).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Electric Literature of C25H46ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics