Month: November 2022

Insights into the Play of Novel Bronsted Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Conversion of Glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural without Additional Catalysts was written by Tao, Shunhui;Hu, Lei;Zhang, Xiaodong;Mai, Yinglin;Xian, Xiaoling;Zheng, Xiaojie;Lin, Xiaoqing. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2022.Reference of 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a versatile bio-platform chem. that connects biomass to a variety of different fuels, chems., and materials. In this work, novel Bronsted acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with both solvent and catalytic functionalities for glucose dehydration into 5-HMF were developed without the need of addnl. metal salt catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts. The types of hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), the ratio of HBD to HBA of the DES, heating time, reaction temperature, initial glucose concentration, and moisture content of the DES were systematically investigated to reveal the interplay of the DES in the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF. The most effective DES was found to be tri-Et benzyl ammonium chloride (TEBAC)/formic acid (FA) (molar ratio: 2:1) with a 5-HMF yield of 30.5 ± 1.0% in glucose dehydration and approx. 100% glucose conversion (initial glucose concentration: 2.5 weight %) in 60 min at 150°C. Most importantly, after five cycles, the TEBAC/FA (1:2) DES retained high stability and catalytic activity, with the yield of 5-HMF remaining 30.1 ± 0.5%. Interestingly, as the water content of the DES increased to 70%, the 5-HMF yield increased to 36.5 ± 1.0% along with an 8.01 ± 1.4% yield of levulinic acid. The finding of this study provided insights into the TEBAC/FA (1:2) DES with dual capabilities that might support more efficient bio-based commodity chem. production methods. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Reference of 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Reference of 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Insights into the Play of Novel Bronsted Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Conversion of Glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural without Additional Catalysts was written by Tao, Shunhui;Hu, Lei;Zhang, Xiaodong;Mai, Yinglin;Xian, Xiaoling;Zheng, Xiaojie;Lin, Xiaoqing. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2022.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a versatile bio-platform chem. that connects biomass to a variety of different fuels, chems., and materials. In this work, novel Bronsted acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with both solvent and catalytic functionalities for glucose dehydration into 5-HMF were developed without the need of addnl. metal salt catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts. The types of hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), the ratio of HBD to HBA of the DES, heating time, reaction temperature, initial glucose concentration, and moisture content of the DES were systematically investigated to reveal the interplay of the DES in the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF. The most effective DES was found to be tri-Et benzyl ammonium chloride (TEBAC)/formic acid (FA) (molar ratio: 2:1) with a 5-HMF yield of 30.5 ± 1.0% in glucose dehydration and approx. 100% glucose conversion (initial glucose concentration: 2.5 weight %) in 60 min at 150°C. Most importantly, after five cycles, the TEBAC/FA (1:2) DES retained high stability and catalytic activity, with the yield of 5-HMF remaining 30.1 ± 0.5%. Interestingly, as the water content of the DES increased to 70%, the 5-HMF yield increased to 36.5 ± 1.0% along with an 8.01 ± 1.4% yield of levulinic acid. The finding of this study provided insights into the TEBAC/FA (1:2) DES with dual capabilities that might support more efficient bio-based commodity chem. production methods. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Phase separation induced binary core-shell alloy nanoparticles embedded in carbon sheets for magnesium storage was written by Chen, Chen;Huang, Huawen;Hu, Renzong;Bi, Ran;Zhang, Lei. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2022.Recommanded Product: Lithium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) have aroused widespread interest in large-scale applications due to their low cost, high volumetric capacity, and safety. However, magnesium (Mg) metals are incompatible with conventional electrolytes, making it difficult to plate and strip reversibly. Therefore, developing novel Mg²⁺ host anodes remains a huge challenge. Herein, we present a rational design and fabrication of binary Bi@Sn alloy nanoparticles embedded in carbon sheets (Bi@Sn-C) as a superior anode for MIBs employing phase separation during the annealing of bimetallic MOFs. The Bi@Sn-C simultaneously integrates the nanostructure design and multi-element coordination strategies which is favorable to improve the overall structural stability and Mg²⁺ diffusion kinetics. Benefiting from the aforementioned features, the Bi@Sn-C electrodes deliver good cycling stability of 214 mA h g^-1 at 100 mA g^-1 after 100 cycles and rate capability with 200 mA h g^-1 at 500 mA g^-1. And when using all-Ph complex with lithium chloride (LiCl-APC) dual-salt electrolyte, the electrochem. performance of Bi@Sn-C is further optimized and shows enhanced rate performance (238 mA h g^-1 at 500 mA g^-1) and reversible capacity (308 mA h g^-1 at 100 mA g^-1 after 100 cycles). This novel strategy holds great promise for designing efficient alloy electrode materials for MIBs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Recommanded Product: Lithium chloride).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Recommanded Product: Lithium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, thermal properties, vibrational spectra and computational studies of Trioctylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid was written by Assenine, Mohammed Amin;Haddad, Boumediene;Paolone, Annalisa;Brandan, Silvia Antonia;Goussem, Mimanne;Villemin, Didier;Boumediene, Mostefa;Rahmouni, Mustapha;Bresson, Serge. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2021.Recommanded Product: 5137-55-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this work, Aliquat 336 ([Aliquat⁺]) based ionic liquids containing the fluorinated anion bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [NTf^-2] was successfully prepared by the anionic exchange replacement of the chloride anion. The reaction of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with N-methyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium chloride ([N_1,8,8,8])[Cl] in water lead to the corresponding IL, namely ([Aliquat⁺][NTf-²]). The obtained ionic liquid was characterized by using IR and Raman spectra and its structure was confirmed by ¹H , ¹³C, and ¹⁹F NMR. The thermal properties were investigated by two complementary thermal anal. techniques: TGA and DTA. A hexadentate coordination mode between cation-anion was predicted by atoms in mols. (AIM) studies for the [Aliquat+][NTf-2] IL by using B3LYP/6-31G* calculations where three O atoms of the anion in Cis conformation are linked to six H atoms of cation by S-O•••H interactions. Changes in the bond orders of S and O atoms of the cation supported such observations. The predicted cation-anion distances were in the range 2.30-2.60 Å. The harmonic force fields of cation and anion were calculated and the complete assignments were performed for both species while the most important bands observed in the IR and Raman spectra of the IL were assigned. In addition, the scaled force constants of cation and anion of the IL were also reported. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Recommanded Product: 5137-55-3).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Recommanded Product: 5137-55-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Size Sensitivity of Supported Palladium Species on Layered Double Hydroxides for the Electro-oxidation Dehydrogenation of Hydrazine: From Nanoparticles to Nanoclusters and Single Atoms was written by Liu, Guihao;Nie, Tianqi;Wang, Huijuan;Shen, Tianyang;Sun, Xiaoliang;Bai, Sha;Zheng, Lirong;Song, Yu-Fei. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Reference of 13820-53-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) is structure-sensitive, and a slight modification of the catalyst structure can generate a significant change in activity. To date, no study on the size effect of the catalyst at a subnanometer scale on HzOR is reported yet. Herein, the authors report the fabrication of Pd species with sizes ranging from nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoclusters (NCs) to single atoms (SAs) onto a NiFe-layered double hydroxide by fine-tuning precursors and reduction methods. When applied for the electrooxidation dehydrogenation of hydrazine, the as-prepared Pd NCs/NiFe exhibit a c.d. of 4.3 A mg_Pd^-1 at 0.35 V vs. RHE. It should be noted that the mass activity of Pd NCs/NiFe was 36 times that of Pd SAs/NiFe and 7 times that of Pd NPs/NiFe, resp. The in situ electrochem. impedance spectroscopy and d. functional theory calculation demonstrate that different from previous studies, both the Pd SAs/NiFe and Pd NPs/NiFe are suboptimal in HzOR due to the isolated active sites of the Pd SAs/NiFe and large steric hindrance of Pd NPs/NiFe, resp. Instead, the strong intracluster interactions of Pd NCs/NiFe lift the d-band center closer to the Fermi level, leading to stronger hybridization of Pd d-orbitals and the σ orbitals of N₂H₄ mols. Consequently, the excellent performance of Pd NCs/NiFe can be attributed to its multiple neighboring metal sites, high d-band center, and small steric hindrance. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6Reference of 13820-53-6).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Reference of 13820-53-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development and enhancement strategy of MoSe₂ based anodes for aqueous Li-ion battery was written by Ji, Xu;Li, Man;Guo, Jianjun;Pan, Yunying;Meng, Lijun;Cheng, Shuang. And the article was included in Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Lithium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Durability and capacity of electrode materials, especially the anodes, are the main challenges for aqueous Li-ion batteries. In work here, MoSe₂ micron flowers have been synthesized and investigated as anodes for Li⁺ storage in LiCl aqueous-based electrolytes. In the LiCl solution, the working potential of the MoSe₂ anode can reach -1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Yet, its reversible capacity is only ∼14 mAh g^-1 (50 C g^-1), owing to the absence of Faradaic reactions and the fast deformation of MoSe₂. After gelation of the LiCl solution using poly vinyl alc. (PVA), the activity of water is largely inhibited, and the operating potential is broadened to -1.2 V. In this gel system, the Faradaic reaction of the MoSe₂ anode is triggered, and hence its capacity is largely enhanced. With a suitable amount of PVA (LiCl/PVA-20), the MoSe₂ electrode can deliver reversible capacities of high as 157 mAh g^-1 at 1 A g^-1, and 139 mAh g^-1 at 2 A g^-1, and still high as 100 mAh g^-1 after 50 cycles, indicating relative good stability. Using com. LiMn₂O₄ as cathode, a full aqueous Li-ion battery was assembled, and a high discharge voltage of ∼1.8 V can be achieved. It is found that not only the activity of water but also the morphol. change of the MoSe₂ during cycling is inhibited in the gel electrolyte. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Application In Synthesis of Lithium chloride).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Application In Synthesis of Lithium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Degradation of cationic surfactants using immobilized bacteria: Its effect on adsorption to activated sludge was written by Bergero, Maria F.;Lucchesi, Gloria I.. And the article was included in Journal of Biotechnology in 2018.COA of Formula: C25H46ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Adsorption of cationic surfactants (QACs) Br-tetradecyltrimethylammonium (TTAB), Cl-tetradecylbenzyldimethylammonium (C₁₄BDMA) and Cl-hexadecylbenzyldimethylammonium (C₁₆BDMA) to activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant was tested. Adsorption equilibrium was reached after 2h, and for initial 200mgL^-1 81%, 90% and 98% of TTAB, C₁₄BDMA and C₁₆BDMA were resp. adsorbed. After six successive desorption cycles, 21% of TTAB and 12.7% of C₁₄BDMA were desorbed from the sludge. In agreement with the percentage of QACs pre-adsorbed, the more hydrophobic the compound, the lesser the extent of desorption. Wastewater samples with activated sludge were supplemented with TTAB 200mgL^-1 and Ca-alginate beads containing the QACs-degrading microorganisms Pseudomonas putida A (ATCC 12633) and Aeromonas hydrophila MFB03. After 24h, 10mgL^-1 of TTAB were detected in the liquid phase and 6-8mgL^-1 adsorbed to the sludge. Since without Ca-alginate beads or with empty beads total TTAB amount (phase solid and liquid) did not change, the 90% reduction of the initial 200mgL^-1 after treatment with immobilized cells was attributed to the bacterial consortium’s capacity to biodegrade QACs. The results show the advantages of using immobilized bacteria to achieve complete QACs elimination from wastewater systems, thus preventing them from reaching the environment. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9COA of Formula: C25H46ClN).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.COA of Formula: C25H46ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Targeting Alzheimer’s disease: Novel indanone hybrids bearing a pharmacophoric fragment of AP2238 was written by Rizzo, Stefano;Bartolini, Manuela;Ceccarini, Luisa;Piazzi, Lorna;Gobbi, Silvia;Cavalli, Andrea;Recanatini, Maurizio;Andrisano, Vincenza;Rampa, Angela. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2010.Formula: C6H12BrCl The following contents are mentioned in the article:

We report on a series of hybrid compounds structurally derived from donepezil and AP2238. This study was aimed at improving the activities of the reference compounds, donepezil and AP2238, and at broadening the range of activities of new derivatives as, due to the multifactorial nature of AD, mols. that modulate the activity of a single protein target are unable to significantly modify the progression of the disease. In particular, the indanone core from donepezil was linked to the phenyl-N-methylbenzylamino moiety from AP2238, through a double bond that was kept to evaluate the role of a lower flexibility in the biol. activities. Moreover, SAR studies were performed to evaluate the role of different substituents in position 5 or 6 of the indanone ring in the interaction with the PAS, introducing also alkyl chains of different lengths carrying different amines at one end. Derivatives 21 and 22 proved to be the most active within the series and their potencies against AChE were in the same order of magnitude of the reference compounds Compounds 15, 21-22, with a 5-carbon alkyl chain bearing an amino moiety at one end, better contacting the PAS, remarkably improved the inhibition of AChE-induced Aβ aggregation with respect to the reference compounds They also showed activity against self-aggregation of Aβ₄₂ peptide, the most amyloidogenic form of amyloid produced in AD brains, while the reference compounds resulted completely ineffective. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3Formula: C6H12BrCl).

1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.Formula: C6H12BrCl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An efficient biosynthesis of palladium nanoparticles using Bael gum and evaluation of their catalytic and antibacterial activity was written by Seku, Kondaiah;Bhagavanth Reddy, G.;Hussaini, Syed Sulaiman;Pejjai, Babu;Hussain, Mushtaq;Reddy, D. Madhusudan;Khazaleh, Mahmoud A. K.;Mangatayaru, Girija. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2022.Recommanded Product: Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) The following contents are mentioned in the article:

We report a facile microwave-assisted synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) using Bael gum (BG) and its carboxymethylated (CMBG) derivative The prepared nanoparticles (BG@PdNPs and CMBG@PdNPs) were evaluated for antibacterial and catalytic activity in the reduction of organic dye pollutants. The developed synthetic method is simple, low cost and eco-friendly, wherein the process requires no addnl. reducing or capping agents. The CMBG was prepared via etherification reaction between BG and monochloroacetic acid using Williamson synthesis method. The PdNPs were synthesized using BG and CMBG as stabilizers and reducing agents. The PdNPs were found to be well dispersed spherical, with the crystalline size of the order of 7-21 nm. The results showed that the CMBG@PdNPs were smaller in size (7 ± 2 nm) than those capped with BG@PdNPs (10 ± 2 nm). The catalytic ability of CMBG@PdNPs was examined for the reduction of Methyl orange (MO), Methyl red(MR), and Rhodamine-B (RhB) in the presence of NaBH4. The results showed that CMBG@PdNPs exhibited a higher catalytic ability than BG@PdNPs. Moreover, it was found that CMBG@PdNPs served several times as a retrievable and reusable catalyst which is stable even after six cycles of reaction. The CMBG@PdNPs and BG@PdNPs showed excellent antibacterial activity. The results indicate that CMBG@PdNPs have greater potential application as a catalyst in the reduction of organic pollutants and antibacterial activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6Recommanded Product: Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Recommanded Product: Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Quaternary Ammonium Salts-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents: Utilization in Extractive Desulfurization was written by Khan, Naushad;Srivastava, Vimal Chandra. And the article was included in Energy & Fuels in 2021.Formula: C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this work, three deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized and further used in extractive desulfurization (EDS). Three DESs were synthesized by the thermal method using choline chloride (ChCl), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), and tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC) as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and ethylene glycol (EG) as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The thermal properties of DESs and their individual components were determined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric anal. (TGA) coupled with Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR). The DESs were further utilized in the extraction of sulfur-based model oil (500 mg·L^-1 sulfur content as a dibenzothiophene (DBT) dissolved in isooctane). The maximum sulfur extraction efficiency of 81.2% was achieved using TBAB/2EG as DES at optimized operating conditions, i.e., contact time of 30 min, temperature at 25°C, the volumetric ratio of DES to fuel being 1.2:1, and stirring speed of 350 rpm. The recyclability of DES without regeneration caused a decrease in extraction efficiency, which was regained after regeneration. The pseudo first-, second-, and n^th-order models represented the EDS kinetics. The interaction between the components during the synthesis and after regeneration was confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR. Gas chromatog. with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) anal. showed negligible loss (1.5%-2.5%) of DES during regeneration. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Formula: C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Formula: C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics