Month: November 2022

Hydrothermal synthesis of FeS₂ as a highly efficient heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst to degrade diclofenac via molecular oxygen effects for Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle was written by Yu, Fangke;Wang, Yi;Ma, Hongrui;Zhou, Minghua. And the article was included in Separation and Purification Technology in 2020.Quality Control of 4-Chlororesorcinol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The authors demonstrated hydrothermally synthesized FeS₂ (pyrite) was highly efficient to catalyze H₂O₂ decomposition for diclofenac sodium (DCF) degradation over a wide pH range (3-9) by a heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process., and this “Pyrite-EF” showed a better performance for the mineralization of DCF in comparison with the classic EF process. This “Pyrite-EF” displayed better performance for DCF mineralization vs. the classic EF process. The pyrite content effect on OH^– radical generation and Fe dissolution due to H₂O₂ decomposition, and applied c.d. on degradation kinetics and mineralization efficiency were examined A Microtox method toxicity assessment showed that solution toxicity was removed post-treatment. Exptl. results showed the enhanced DCF degradation rate for the Pyrite-EF process was attributed to mol. O activation induced by more surface-bound Fe²⁺ ions on FeS₂, which generated superoxide anions which accelerated the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ cycle on the FeS₂ surface, which favored H₂O₂ decomposition generating more OH^– radicals for DCF degradation via a heterogeneous EF-like process. Results findings provided new insights for mol. O activation induced by FeS₂ and the subsequent heterogeneous Pyrite-EF degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Quality Control of 4-Chlororesorcinol).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Quality Control of 4-Chlororesorcinol

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Removal of Trace Aluminum Impurity for High-Purity GdCl₃ Preparation using an Amine-Group-Functionalized Ionic Liquid was written by Li, Fujian;Yan, Junjun;Zhang, Xiangping;Wang, Na;Dong, Haifeng;Bai, Lu;Gao, Hongshuai. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2021.Quality Control of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Aluminum, as an associated metal with rare-earth resources, is a common impurity in rare-earth separation products. In the traditional P507-kerosene-HCl system, tremendous aluminum impurity (8875 mg/L) is often enriched in GdCl₃ solutions because of the similar extraction sequence during rare-earth separation In this work, a new amine-group-functionalized ionic liquid (IL) was developed to remove trace aluminum impurity from high-purity GdCl₃ solutions, overcoming the drawbacks of strong hydrophilicity and complicated compositions of the organic phase, as well as other impurities introduced and tremendous saline wastewater produced inevitably. Methyltrioctylammonium hydroxide (N1888OH), instead of the water soluble ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH), was used to dissociate the dimer of sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA12) and synthesize cation- and anion-bifunctionalized IL [N1888][CA12]. The separation factor of Al/Gd was as high as 36. The effects of pH, salting-out agent, extraction time, temperature, and stripping efficiency on the extraction efficiency were evaluated. The result showed that high-purity GdCl₃ solution was obtained with low aluminum impurity of 10 ppm after five-stage countercurrent extraction Due to the weak interaction between the metal and IL, very dilute HCl solution (0.07 mol/L) and NaOH solution (0.07 mol/L) were in favor of metal stripping and IL regeneration. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Quality Control of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Quality Control of N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pd/Ni-Al hydrotalcite for base-free alcohol oxidation: Dependency of activity and selectivity on palladium precursors and reduction reagents was written by Dai, Rongrong;Guo, Zheng. And the article was included in Molecular Catalysis in 2022.Computed Properties of Cl4Na2Pd The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Benzyl alc. was chosen as a model substrate for Pd/hydrotalcite mediated selective oxidation of alcs. to investigate the roles of palladium precursors (Na₂PdCl₄, K₂PdCl₄, PdCl₂), reduction reagents (N₂H₄ and NaBH₄), and Pd loading amount in determining structure-activity relationship of flower-like nano-catalyst. XRD analyses show typical characteristic peaks of all hydrotalcites regardless of palladium precursors; whereas TEM studies show a larger mean size of Pd nanoparticles obtained with reducing reagent N₂H₄ over NaBH₄. However, the difference in particle sizes didn’t result in a significant difference in benzyl alc. conversion, but extended to catalytic selectivity where N₂H₄-reduced Pd/hydrotalcite achieved 94%-96% selectivity over 88%-93% by NaBH₄. FTIR-CD₃CN surface acidity study suggested that a stronger acidity of N₂H₄ reduced Pd/hydrotalcite may account for its better selectivity. 3% Pd/hydrotalcite with N₂H₄ as reducing reagent demonstrated the best catalytic performance; and was successfully extended to oxidation of 17 aromatic and aliphatic alcs. The conversion of alcs. is strongly dependent on individual alc. mol. structure and electronic effect; but all reactions showed medium-to-excellent selectivity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6Computed Properties of Cl4Na2Pd).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Computed Properties of Cl4Na2Pd

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In-situ Raman investigation and application of phenazine-based organic electrode in aqueous proton batteries was written by Shi, Minjie;He, Jing;Zhao, Yue;Zhao, Liping;Dai, Kun;Yan, Chao. And the article was included in Materials & Design in 2022.Safety of Lithium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Aqueous proton batteries (APBs) have aroused attention because of the proton as charge carrier with smaller ionic size and faster kinetics when compared to the metallic ions in aqueous solutions Although phenazine-based organic compounds with available redox-active sites are considered as promising organic electrode materials, the comprehensive study of their proton-storage behaviors and APB applications is still lacking so far. Herein, a rod-like diquinoxalino-phenazine (DPZ) organic compound is designed and synthesized via a facile dehydration approach. In-situ Raman investigation and theor. calculation are conducted to probe into the proton redox process of DPZ organic electrode for the first time. It is demonstrated that three C=N electroactive regions in each DPZ mol. unit could be simultaneously coordinated with two protons and the redox reaction between C=N and C-N bonds is highly reversible upon proton insertion/extraction As expected, the DPZ organic electrode delivers a large proton-storage capacity of ∼ 218 mAh/g and long-term cycle performance without obvious dissoly. in acidic aqueous electrolyte. For real applications, soft-package and wire-shaped APBs based on such DPZ organic electrode are constructed, and they both achieve outstanding electrochem. characteristics, revealing their great potential applications in low-cost, high-safety, and high-performance energy technologies and portable/wearable electronics. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Safety of Lithium chloride).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Safety of Lithium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of comb-type block copolymers by grafting through method: electrical properties and determination of activation energy via conductivity was written by Pihtili, Guzin;Demirelli, Kadir. And the article was included in Journal of Macromolecular Science in 2020.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Poly[ε-CL-b-(MMA-comb-EMA)]comb-type polymers were synthesized by ATRP and ε-caprolactone macroinitiator and macromonomer. Me methacrylate macromonomer was synthesized from acylation reaction of methacryloyl chloride with PMMA ended 7-hydroxy coumarin. The macroinitiator was prepared from the reaction of chlorine acetyl chloride P(ε-CL). The synthesized polymers were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR techniques. The average mol. weight and mol. weight distribution of polymers were measured by GPC method. Thermal properties of samples were studied by DSC/TGA techniques. Dielec. and Ac conductivity measurements were performed. Dielec. constant (ε’), dielec. loss factor (ε”) and conductivity behaviors of comb-type polymer were measured at room temperature between the frequency of 100-2000 Hz and over the temperature range 303-413 K at 1 kHz reported as compared with each other. Besides, their effects on the elec. properties by doping with EuCl₃ for some of the comb copolymers were and were investigated. The activation energy (E_a) was calculated from conductivity We reported it was determined that the (ε’) and (ε”) values decreased with increasing frequency. There are also many application areas for comb polymers for example; nanotechnol., medicine. The aim of this study is to synthesize comb-type copolymers in different compositions and to investigate their elec. properties. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rapid analysis of benzalkonium chloride using paper spray mass spectrometry was written by Liu, Jingjing;Deng, Wenjie;Yu, Muqian;Wen, Ruizhi;Yao, Shouzhuo;Chen, Bo. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis in 2017.Electric Literature of C25H46ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) method for rapid and reliable anal. of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in compound eye drops and body surface disinfectant was developed. The sample was dropped onto triangular filter paper, and high voltage (3.5 kV) was applied to form an electrospray. This method can provide the composition of benzalkonium chloride in samples without pretreatment, solvent or chromatog. separation, and the anal. time is only 10 s. The primary homologs C₁₂-BAC, C₁₄-BAC and C₁₆-BAC of benzalkonium chloride were quant. analyzed using PS-MS. Samples were subjected to simple dilution and quantified using the internal standard method. Ion trap mass spectrometry was scanned using SIM mode. The linear ranges of C₁₂-BAC, C₁₄-BAC and C₁₆-BAC were 1-100 μg mL^-1; the linear regression coefficients were 0.998-0.999; the detection limits (LODs) were 0.1 μg mL^-1; the limit of quantifications (LOQs) was <1 μg mL^-1, and the method validation indicated that the method precision and accuracy were good. Compared with HPLC-UV methods, there was no significant difference in the quant. determination of the actual samples, but the anal. time for PS-MS is shorter (2 min). In addition, reagent consumption in PS-MS is small, and no chromatog. separation is needed, suggesting that PS-MS is especially suitable for high-throughput anal. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Electric Literature of C25H46ClN).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Electric Literature of C25H46ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Post-Treatment Passivation by Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Zwitterion for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells was written by Li, Yan;Zhang, Yong;Zhang, Luozheng;Liu, Chang;Zhou, Xianyong;Wang, Deng;Niu, Bingbing;Lu, Chunling;Chang, Jianhui;Jiang, Xuening;Tang, Zikang;Xu, Baomin. And the article was included in Solar RRL in 2022.SDS of cas: 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been booming for more than a decade. Defect passivation strategies play an important role in updating the efficiency record. Herein, a posttreatment strategy is proposed to passivate the defects in PSCs by quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC) salts. The tetramethylammonium chloride (TC) mol. shows the best achievement among those passivation agents. Enhanced crystallinity and reduced defects of TC-treated perovskite result in promotion of the open-circuit voltage of the device from 1.06 to 1.12 V, thus largely improving the conversion efficiency from 19.8% to 21.7% for the FA_0.95MA_0.05PbI_2.85Br_0.15 perovskite component. Moreover, the TC-based device retains 93.2% of its initial power conversion efficiency after storage in drying cupboard (relative humidity 20%≈30%) for more than 30 days. By the verification of various characterization techniques (transient resolved photoluminescence, electrochem. impedance spectroscopy, light intensity dependent voltage, and transient absorption spectroscopy), the enhanced performance results from the less recombination retarded by QAC in the treated device compared with the control device. Addnl., X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy proves the interaction between TC mol. and Pb in perovskite. This system of selection will definitely provide a novel way to search for effective passivators to promote performance of PSCs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0SDS of cas: 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.SDS of cas: 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

sp³ C-H Arylation and Alkylation Enabled by the Synergy of Triplet Excited Ketones and Nickel Catalysts was written by Shen, Yangyang;Gu, Yiting;Martin, Ruben. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2018.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Triplet ketone sensitizers are of central importance within the realm of photochem. transformations. Although the radical-type character of triplet excited states of diaryl ketones suggests the viability for triggering hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and single-electron transfer (SET) processes, among others, their use as multifaceted catalysts in C-C bond-formation via sp³ C-H functionalization of alkane feedstocks still remains rather unexplored. Herein, we unlock a modular photochem. platform for forging C(sp³)-C(sp²) and C(sp³)-C(sp³) linkages from abundant alkane sp³ C-H bonds as functional handles using the synergy between nickel catalysts and simple, cheap and modular diaryl ketones. This method is distinguished by its wide scope that is obtained from cheap catalysts and starting precursors, thus complementing existing inner-sphere C-H functionalization protocols or recent photoredox scenarios based on iridium polypyridyl complexes. Addnl., such a platform provides a new strategy for streamlining the synthesis of complex mols. with high levels of predictable site-selectivity and preparative utility. Mechanistic experiments suggest that sp³ C-H abstraction occurs via HAT from the ketone triplet excited state. We believe this study will contribute to a more systematic utilization of triplet excited ketones as catalysts in metallaphotoredox scenarios. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of the addition of organo-montmorillonite nanofiller on cross-linking of polysiloxanes – FTIR studies was written by Wojcik-Bania, Monika. And the article was included in Spectrochimica Acta in 2021.Recommanded Product: 122-18-9 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The main aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of organo-montmorillonite nanofiller on the crosslinking process of polysiloxane. Two series of model polysiloxane nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating organoclay at different amounts such as 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 wt% in relation to the weight of the polymer matrix. Poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) was cross-linked with two linear vinylsiloxanes of different chain lengths between functional end-groups through hydrosilylation. This reaction was carried out in the presence of Karstedt’s catalyst at equimolar ratios of reactive groups. Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements obtained during the crosslinking processes as well as for the reaction products revealed that the rate of hydrosilylation and its efficiency are influenced by the type of the crosslinking agent used and the amount of organo-montmorillonite introduced into the polysiloxane network. Quant. anal. of the recorded FTIR spectra showed that as the amount of nanofiller in the polysiloxane matrix increased, the rate and efficiency of the crosslinking process decreased. Swelling measurements confirmed that the increase in the amount of unreacted Si-H groups in the system resulted in a lower cross-link d. of the studied materials. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were performed to determine the nature of dispersion of organoclay within the studied systems. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Recommanded Product: 122-18-9).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Recommanded Product: 122-18-9

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of accelerator alkyl chain length on the microvia filling performance in copper superconformal electroplating was written by Luo, Jiye;Li, Zhen;Shi, Minghao;Chen, Jiajia;Hao, Zhifeng;He, Jun. And the article was included in Journal of the Electrochemical Society in 2019.Synthetic Route of C6H12BrCl The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In addition to the commercialized accelerator bis-(sodium sulfopropyl)-disulfide (SPS), the authors designed and synthesized two other disulfide compounds, namely, bis-(sodium sulfohexyl)-disulfide (SHS) and bis-(sodium sulfoethyl)-disulfide (SES), to study the effect of their alkyl chain lengths on the microvia filling performance. The galvanostatic measurements show that the addition of Cl^– to different accelerator-containing solutions leads to the same synergistic effects at a c.d. of 20 mA/cm², indicating that the interactions between accelerators and Cl^– are independent of their alkyl chain lengths. However, when both Cl^– and a suppressor are present, the alkyl chain length in accelerators strongly impacts their anti-suppressor strength, which increases with the growth of the alkyl chain length, reaches a maximum (SPS) and then decreases. A possible adsorption and interaction model is proposed to explain the difference of anti-suppressor effects, and microvia filling plating experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects on the filling performance. Both SES and SPS, which have appropriate mol. lengths and relatively strong antagonistic effects against polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Cl^– ensemble, achieved complete microvia filling. For SHS, due to the overlong alkyl chain and weak antagonistic effect against PEG and Cl^–, no microvia was completely filled. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3Synthetic Route of C6H12BrCl).

1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.Synthetic Route of C6H12BrCl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics