Month: November 2022

Construction of nanosized MoP decorated highly crystalline carbon nitride sphere as an excellent photocatalyst for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen production was written by Cao, Longwen;Shi, Yuxing;Chen, Zhouze;Tian, Yuan;Chen, Lizhuang;Guo, Feng;Shi, Weilong. And the article was included in Materials Today Communications in 2022.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

High-crystalline carbon nitride (HCCN) is recognized as a promising semiconductor photocatalyst in alleviating the energy crisis and protecting the environment in the current field of photocatalysis. However, the ordinary crystalline carbon nitride is generally morphol. irregular with few surfactant sites, which limits its further application. In this work, we successfully constructed spherical HCCN embedded with MoP nanoparticles as a co-catalyst by a simple calcination treatment to form a stable and efficient MoP-HCCN composite photocatalyst. As expected, as-prepared MoP-HCCN composites presented superior photocatalytic activities for water splitting into H₂ production, and the optimal 5 wt% MoP-HCCN exhibited the optimum photocatalytic hydrogen production rate up to 10,594.29μmol·g^-1·h^-1 with the corresponding AQE reached 7.2%, which is 3.4 times than pristine HCCN and 109.9 times than amorphous carbon nitride (ACN), resp. The significant promotion in photocatalytic property is mainly due to the synergistic reaction between MoP and HCCN for effectively enhancing the segregation and rapid transportation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Finally, the feasible photocatalysis mechanism of MoP-HCCN compound photocatalyst is inferred. This work presents a promising design idea for developing efficient HCCN-based composite photocatalytic for hydrogen production This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Coupling reaction of enol derivatives with silyl ketene acetals catalyzed by gallium trihalides was written by Nishimoto, Yoshihiro;Kita, Yuji;Ueda, Hiroki;Imaoka, Hiroto;Chiba, Kouji;Yasuda, Makoto;Baba, Akio. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2016.Computed Properties of C6H12BrCl The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A cross-coupling reaction between enol derivatives and silyl ketene acetals catalyzed by GaBr₃ took place to give the corresponding α-alkenyl esters. GaBr₃ showed the most effective catalytic ability, whereas other metal salts such as BF₃·OEt₂, AlCl₃, PdCl₂, and lanthanide triflates were not effective. Various types of enol ethers and vinyl carboxylates as enol derivatives are amenable to this coupling. The scope of the reaction with silyl ketene acetals was also broad. We successfully observed an alkylgallium intermediate by using NMR spectroscopy, suggesting a mechanism involving anti-carbogallation among GaBr₃, an enol derivative, and a silyl ketene acetal, followed by syn-β-alkoxy elimination from the alkylgallium. Based on kinetic studies, the turnover-limiting step of the reaction using a vinyl ether and a vinyl carboxylate involved syn-β-alkoxy elimination and anti-carbogallation, resp. Therefore, the leaving group had a significant effect on the progress of the reaction. Theor. calculations anal. suggest that the moderate Lewis acidity of gallium would contribute to a flexible conformational change of the alkylgallium intermediate and to the cleavage of the carbon-oxygen bond in the β-alkoxy elimination process, which is the turnover-limiting step in the reaction between a vinyl ether and a silyl ketene acetal. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3Computed Properties of C6H12BrCl).

1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Computed Properties of C6H12BrCl

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Interfering elements on determination of hexavalent chromium in paper materials with UV-vis spectrophotometry was written by Lee, Tai Ju;Kim, Hyoung Jin. And the article was included in Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal in 2022.Product Details of 5137-55-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Regulation of hexavalent chromium is based on Waste Framework Directive 1994/62/EC, European Commission and publication of the World Health Organization. Herein, detection of hexavalent chromium was performed by alk. digestion and instrumental anal. which was demonstrated in USEPA methods. However, UV-vis detection method could be affected by some metal ions reacted with diphenylcarbizide. Actually, various interfering elements, such as Ni, Fe, Al, and Cu, were detected and selected by ED-XRF in paper materials. In order to improve accuracy of anal. results of hexavalent chromium in paper materials based on USEPA methods, the interfering elements was removed by liquid-liquid extraction with carbonate media using tricaprylmethylammonium chloride and chloroform after alk. digestion. Consequently, the temperature for alk. digestion was between 85 and 95°C. Hydrochloric acid was proper complex tricaprylmethylammonium-Cr(VI) in the procedure of liquid extraction After that hexavalent chromium was completely extracted using of 1 M sodium hydroxide solution The technique for analyzing the hexavalent chromium used in liquid-liquid extraction significantly reduced the errors caused by the interfering elements, Fe and Cu. Thus, application of the extraction method was efficient in removing the interfering elements, which increased the recovery ratio of the hexavalent chromium from paper materials by 90%. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Product Details of 5137-55-3).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Product Details of 5137-55-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Robust hydrogen production from HCOOH over amino-modified KIT-6-confined PdIr alloy nanoparticles was written by Peng, Wenfang;Liu, Shiwen;Li, Xiugang;Feng, Gang;Xia, Jianhui;Lu, Zhang-Hui. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2022.COA of Formula: Cl4Na2Pd The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Formic acid (FA), which can be produced via CO₂ reduction and biomass conversion, has received extensive interest as a convenient and safe hydrogen carrier due to its wide range of sources, renewable, high hydrogen content (4.4 wt%), and convenient storage/transportation. Designing highly efficient catalysts is the main challenge to realize the hydrogen production from FA. In this work, well-dispersed and electron-rich PdIr alloy nanoparticles with a size of 1.8 nm are confined in amino-modified 3D mesoporous silica KIT-6 and applied as a highly efficient catalyst for robust hydrogen production from FA at ambient temperature Small PdIr alloy nanoparticles confined by amino-modified KIT-6 (PdIr/KIT-6-NH₂) lead to better catalytic activity compared to that of Pd/KIT-6-NH₂ and PdIr confined by bare KIT-6, achieving a high turnover frequency (TOF) value of 3533 h^-1 at ambient temperature (303 K), 100% H₂ selectivity and conversion toward the dehydrogenation of FA, which is comparable to the best heterogeneous catalysts ever reported. The high catalytic activity of PdIr/KIT-6-NH₂ can be attributed to the synergistic effect between Pd and Ir, strong interaction between PdIr and KIT-6-NH₂, as well as the amino-groups of KIT-6-NH₂ which can act as a proton scavenger to promote the breaking of O-H bond of formic acid. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6COA of Formula: Cl4Na2Pd).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.COA of Formula: Cl4Na2Pd

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Furoate Based Functionalised Ionic Liquid: Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies was written by Rama, R.;Meenakshi, S.;Manjunathan, J.;Abirami, G.;Karthikeyan, S.. And the article was included in Australian Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A tetraalkyl ammonium cation and furoate anion based functionalised ionic liquid (FIL), N-methyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium furoate ([MTOA]⁺[FA]^–) has been synthesized and characterised using FT-IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopic techniques. The invitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized FIL against two types of Gram-pos. bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter faecalis as well as Gram-neg. bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested using a well diffusion method. Similarly, an antifungal test was done against Candida albicans. [MTOA]⁺[FA]^– showed significant inhibitory effect against all the organisms tested as compared with the chosen standards Antibacterial activity against gram-pos. bacteria (zone of inhibition: 16 to 30mm) was found to be higher than that of Gram-neg. bacteria (zone of inhibition: 11 to 19mm). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the synthesized FIL from a ferrous ion (Fe²⁺) chelating assay and its scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, H₂O₂, and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical using spectrophotometric methods are reported. The FIL, [MTOA]⁺[FA]^– showed a moderate antioxidant activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen.While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Recommanded Product: N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Far-Red and Near-Infrared Boron Schiff Bases (BOSCHIBAs) Dyes Bearing Anionic Boron Clusters was written by Corona-Lopez, Maria M.;Munoz-Flores, Blanca M.;Chaari, Mahdi;Nunez, Rosario;Jimenez-Perez, Victor M.. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2021.Reference of 75-57-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Here, we report a short series of six new boron Schiff bases (BOSCHIBAs), four of them bearing anionic boron clusters. The boron complexes (1–2) were synthesized by the multicomponent reaction. The Boron Schiff bases were appropriately functionalized with boron cluster anions [B₁₂H₁₂]^2- (3–4) and [3,3′-Co(C₂B₉H₁₁)₂]^– (5–6). Remarkably, BOSCHIBAs bearing [B₁₂H₁₂]^2- showed fluorescence emission to the NIR and far-red regions (3: 747 nm, 4: 690 nm), while 5 and 6 exhibited emission in the UV region (5: 525 and 6: 475 nm). Notably, complexes 2, 5, and 6 showed the highest photostability, followed by the boron complexes 1 and 3, which suggest that the nature of the boron cluster influences photostability properties. Compounds 3–4 represent the first example of boron Schiff bases bearing boron cluster anions [B₁₂H₁₂]^2- exhibiting fluorescence emission in the NIR and far-red regions, make them potential candidates as fluorescence probes for bioimaging. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Reference of 75-57-0).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Reference of 75-57-0

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The role of ionic vs. non-ionic excipients in APIs-based eutectic systems was written by Martins, Monia A. R.;Silva, Liliana P.;Jorge, Patricia S.;Abranches, Dinis O.;Pinho, Simao P.;Coutinho, Joao A. P.. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2021.Computed Properties of C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Aiming to contribute to drug pre-formulation, new eutectic mixtures were developed. Thymol, coumarin, or quaternary ammonium chlorides as excipients, were combined with the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) acetylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, or lidocaine. Their solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) binary phase diagrams were measured to study eventual phase separation between the compounds, preventing manufacturing problems, and to study the mol. interactions between the APIs and ionic or non-ionic excipients. The Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) capability to predict the SLE of mixtures containing non-ionic excipients was further evaluated. COSMO-RS gives a good quant. description of the exptl. SLE being a tool with great potential in the screening of eutectic systems containing APIs and non-ionic excipients. While thymol presents strong interactions with the APIs, and consequently neg. deviations to thermodn. ideality, systems containing coumarin follow a quasi-ideal behavior. Regarding the ionic excipients, both choline chloride and the tetraalkylammonium chlorides are unable to establish relevant interactions with the APIs, and no significant neg. deviations to ideality are observed The liquefaction of the APIs here studied is favored by using non-ionic excipients, such as thymol, due to the strong interactions it can establish with the APIs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Computed Properties of C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Computed Properties of C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Role of surface steps in activation of surface oxygen sites on Ir nanocrystals for oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media was written by Kim, Myeongjin;Park, Jinho;Wang, Maoyu;Wang, Qingxiao;Kim, Moon J.;Kim, Jin Young;Cho, Hyun-Seok;Kim, Chang-Hee;Feng, Zhenxing;Kim, Byung-Hyun;Lee, Seung Woo. And the article was included in Applied Catalysis, B: Environmental in 2022.Recommanded Product: Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ir and its oxide are the only available oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts with reasonably high activity and stability for com. proton-exchange membrane electrolyzers. However, the establishment of structure-performance relationships for the design of better Ir-based electrocatalysts is hindered by their uncontrolled surface reconstruction during OER in acidic media. Herein, we monitor the structural evolution of two model Ir nanocrystals (one with a flat surface enclosed by (100) facets and the other with a concave surface containing numerous high-index planes) under acidic OER conditions. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements reveal that the promotion of surface IrO_x formation during the OER by the concave Ir surface with high-index planes results in a gradual OER activity increase, while a decrease in activity and limited oxide formation are observed for the flat Ir surface. After the activation process, the Ir concave surface exhibits ∼ 10 times higher activity than the flat surface. D. functional theory computations reveal that Ir high-index surfaces are thermodynamically preferred for the adsorption of oxygen atoms and the formation of surface oxides under OER conditions. Thus, our work establishes a structure-performance relationship for Ir nanocrystals under operating conditions, providing new principles for the design of nanoscale OER electrocatalysts. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6Recommanded Product: Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)).

Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (cas: 13820-53-6) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Recommanded Product: Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II)

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction for the analysis of main active compounds from Zi-Cao-Cheng-Qi decoction based on a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was written by Xue, Jiao;Yang, Li;Chen, Xuan;Bai, Xiao-Hong;Hu, Shuang. And the article was included in Journal of Separation Science in 2021.Synthetic Route of C25H54ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, a vortex-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid-phase microextraction was developed and used for the extraction and preconcentration of six main active compounds in Zi-Cao-Cheng-Qi decoction. The deep eutectic solvent, prepared by mixing tetrabutylammonium chloride and hexanoic acid at a molar ratio of 1:1, was added to the sample solution containing the analytes. In the absence of disperser, the extractant was rapidly dispersed into fine droplets by the aid of vortex and adequately contacted with the analytes. Some key parameters affecting the approach including extraction solvent type and volume, sample phase pH, extraction time, centrifugation time, and salt concentration were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors of the target analytes were in the range of 3-330. The calibration graphs were linear with a correlation coefficient (r) ≥ 0.9929. The detection limits were 0.3-0.9 ng/mL, and the satisfactory precisions (relative standard deviations, 0.5-8.9%) and accuracies (relative recoveries, 91.1-102.2%) were also obtained. The developed method was rapid (only 2 min), eco-friendly, effective, and easy to operate. And it has been successfully applied to simultaneous extraction, enrichment, and determination of the main active compounds in a traditional Chinese medicinal formula coupled with high-performance liquid chromatog. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Synthetic Route of C25H54ClN).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Synthetic Route of C25H54ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Removal of C₃-C₄ diols in ethylene glycol via selective dehydration reactions over Beta zeolite with acidity tailored was written by Ai, Shuo;Qin, Yue;Hong, Yuxiang;Liu, Linghui;Yu, Wanguo. And the article was included in Journal of Catalysis in 2022.Safety of Lithium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Biomass-derived ethylene glycol (EG) contains 1,2-propanediol (PDO) and 1,2-butanediol (BDO), and the elimination of PDO and BDO via dehydration reactions leads to EG loss due to acetalization. For the improvement of EG recovery, the selective inhibition of acetalization reaction on ion-exchange-modified H-Beta zeolite was investigated. In batch reactions, over Li₂CO₃-treated zeolite with ion-exchange ratio of 15%, the selectivity to acetals declined from 74% (untreated) to 24%. In continuous reactions, acetalization and oligomerization were obviously suppressed, and the zeolite stability was improved. EG consumption was reduced by half in both batch and continuous reactions. Microcalorimetry, NH₃-TPD, PYIR, and FTIR results demonstrated that the strong Bronsted acid sites (Si(OH)Al) with NH₃ adsorption heat ≥ 158 kJ/mol were responsible for the dehydration reactions, while Bronsted (excluding silanol group) and EFAl Lewis acid sites catalyzed the acetalization and oligomerization reactions. The activation barrier of acetalization between PDO and propanal was increased from 31.1 to 85.9 kJ/mol after the ion exchange, while that of PDO dehydration to propanal was almost kept constant (70-75 kJ/mol). Weak and moderate acid sites were removed by ion exchange, so acetalization and oligomerization were suppressed without evidently inhibiting dehydration reactions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Safety of Lithium chloride).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Safety of Lithium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics