Month: November 2022

Separation of essential oil from fresh leaves of Phellodendron amurense rupr. By solvent-free microwave-assisted distillation with the addition of lithium salts was written by Peng, Xiaojin;Zhao, Ru;Yang, Xinyu;Feng, Chunte;Gu, Huiyan;Yang, Lei. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 7447-41-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The essential oil was separated from the fresh leaves of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. by solvent-free microwave-assisted distillation in a rotating state with n-hexane extraction and LiCl addition, which ingeniously designed lithium salt addition, rotation unit, and n-hexane extraction effectively improved the yield and separation rate of essential oils. The factors that may affect essential oils yield were screened and optimized by single factor optimization, response surface methodol., and kinetic model to obtain the optimal conditions for the separation of essential oils by this method, which were LiCl content of 8%FW, microwave irradiation power 600 W and microwave irradiation time 40 min. And the yield of essential oils is 2.39 ± 0.12 mg/g in the optimum conditions by this method, which is highly consistent with the predictions from the response surface method (2.39 mg/g) and the first-order kinetic model (2.42 ± 0.04 mg/g). This method effectively ensures the uniform heating of the plant material and the rapid overflow of the essential oil by employing the rotating unit and the addition of LiCl, which effectively avoids the loss of the heat-sensitive components in the essential oil. Moreover, the solvent-free distillation of this method highly improves the heating rate, and the added LiCl can also be effectively recovered and reused, which effectively reduces the economic cost, and environmental stress and will result in a cleaner product. And an accurate quant. anal. method of essential oils was established by n-hexane extraction-UV spectroscopy, which not only effectively avoided the loss of water-soluble components but also provided a new strategy for quant. anal. of essential oils. In addition, the results of the kinetic model indicated that the separation rate constant of essential oils in this method was 1.34 times that of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and 5.05 times that of conventional hydrodistillation Therefore, this method is an efficient, green, and clean essential oil preparation method, which is very promising to replace existing methods in the future. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8HPLC of Formula: 7447-41-8).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.HPLC of Formula: 7447-41-8

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Volumetric and Viscosity Coefficient Studies of 1:1 Electrolyte Salts and Alcohols in Aqueous 8 M Urea Solutions at 298.15 K was written by Patil, Prakash D.;Shaikh, Vasim R.;Pawar, Rajesh B.;Patil, Kesharsingh J.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 7447-41-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

D. and relative viscosity data have been obtained for lithium chloride (LiCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium bromide (KBr), cesium bromide (CsBr), tetramethylammonium bromide (Me₄NBr), tetraethylammonium bromide (Et₄NBr), tetrabutylammonium bromide (Bu₄NBr), and promethazine hydrochloride (PM·HCl) salts (1:1 electrolytes) at various concentrations in aqueous 8 M urea solutions at 298.15 K. Similar data also have been obtained for aqueous 8 M urea solutions containing ethanol and tertiary butanol at 298.15 K. The apparent molar volumes of solute at finite concentration (V_ϕ) and apparent molar volumes of solute at infinite dilution (V_ϕ⁰) are calculated at 298.15 K. The viscosity coefficients A and B of the Jones-Dole equation have been obtained for all studied systems at 298.15 K. The V_ϕ⁰, A, and B viscosity coefficient values obtained are compared with the similar data for aqueous solutions of the studied salts and alcs. (i.e., without the addition of urea) at 298.15 K. In protein denaturation studies, the addition of urea is made as a perturbant which is important; however, the exact mechanism of denaturation by urea is not known yet. The differences in binary and ternary aqueous solutions are expected on the basis of the solvent effects (water structural effects). The transfer partial molar volumes (from water to urea solutions) and transfer viscosity coefficients B have been estimated The transfer values for alcs. are pos. The drug promethazine hydrochloride forms micelles in aqueous solutions The results of this system have been explained on the basis of pos. ΔV_ϕ⁰ and viscosity coefficient A (which increases), meaning that in urea solutions, there is an increase in ion-ion and ion-pairing interactions. The results are discussed in terms of decrease in hydrophobic interactions and stacking of drug mols. in the pre-micellar concentration region due to specific drug cation-urea interactions, probably due to the formation of complex aggregates. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8HPLC of Formula: 7447-41-8).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control.HPLC of Formula: 7447-41-8

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mixed Solvothermal Synthesis of Tn Cluster-Based Indium and Gallium Sulfides Using Versatile Ammonia or Amine Structure-Directing Agents was written by Sun, Meng;Zhang, Shu;Wang, Kai-Yao;Wang, Juan;Cheng, Lin;Zhu, Jia-Ying;Zhao, Yi-Ming;Wang, Cheng. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2021.COA of Formula: C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Metal chalcogenide supertetrahedral Tn clusters are of current interest for their unique compositions and structures, which rely highly on the structure-directing agents. Herein, we report four novel Tn cluster-based indium and gallium sulfides, [NH(CH₃)₃]₄In₄S₁₀H₄ (1), (NH₃)₄Ga₄S₆ (2), [NH₃CH₂CH₃]₅(NH₂CH₂CH₃)₂Ga₁₁S₁₉ (3), and [NH₃CH₂CH₂OH]₆Ga₁₀S₁₈·2NH₂CH₂CH₂OH (4). All four compounds were solvothermally synthesized in mixed amine-ethanol solutions or deep eutectic solvent (DES), where ammonia/amine mols. play significant structure-directing roles in the speciation and crystal growth. (1) Being protonated, the trimethylamine and ethanolamine mols. surround the T2-[In₄S₁₀H₄]^4- clusters (for 1) and [Ga₁₀S₁₈]_n^6n- open framework (for 4), resp., compensating for the neg. charge of the inorganic moieties. (2) With the lone pair of electrons, the ammonia mols. in 2 coordinate directly to corner Ga³⁺ ions of the {Ga₄S₆} cage to give a neutral T2-(NH₃)₄Ga₄S₆ cluster. (3) For compound 3, part of the ethylamine mols. act as terminating ligands for the T1 and T3 units in the [Ga₁₁S₁₉(NH₂CH₂CH₃)₂]_n^5n- layer, while the rest act as interlamellar countercations upon protonation. Theor. studies reveal the contributions of N, C, and H to the d. of states (DOS) for 2 and 3 because of their hybrid structures that combine the ammonia/amine ligands with sulfide moieties together. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0COA of Formula: C4H12ClN).

Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. Alkyl chlorides readily react with amines to give substituted amines. Alkyl chlorides are substituted by softer halides such as the iodide in the Finkelstein reaction.COA of Formula: C4H12ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent and Glycolipid Biosurfactant as Green Asphaltene Inhibitors: Experimental and Theoretical Studies was written by Sanati, Ali;Malayeri, M. Reza. And the article was included in Energy & Fuels in 2021.Computed Properties of C25H54ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Precipitation of asphaltenes in porous media undesirably influences oil recovery due to pore clogging and subsequent wettability alteration. This study reports, primarily, the potential application of two environmentally-friendly chems., a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) and a glycolipid biosurfactant known as rhamnolipid (RL), as asphaltene precipitation inhibitors. While DES was prepared by mixing glycerol, as its hydrogen bond donor (HBD) component, with methyltrioctylammonium chloride, as its hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) component, RL was extracted from the native strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibition potential of these green chems. was then characterized from exptl. and theor. perspectives. In the exptl. part, the inhibition efficacy of both chems. was initially confirmed based on the precipitation experiments Next, filtration and optical microscopy provided evidence of chem. interaction between inhibitors and asphaltenes. To further illustrate the structural alteration of asphaltenes recovered from the inhibitor-included solutions, Fourier transform IR and elemental analyses were conducted. Results revealed that the dominant inhibition mechanism of DES was the cracking/dissolution of asphaltene particles compared to peptization in the case of RL. Increased oxygen content and H/C ratio plus the decreased aromaticity index of the asphaltenes recovered from the DES-containing solution compared with those of the raw asphaltene were indications of the dissolution mechanism. In addition, comparing the performance of synthesized chems. with a conventional inhibitor, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, revealed the preferable performance of the chems. In the theor. part, the propensity of asphaltene precipitation was studied using the surface energy concept based on the extended DLVO theory. The results showed that acid-base interactions among different sub-components of the surface energy played a key role in retarding asphaltene precipitation by decreasing the attraction force between similar asphaltene particles, further supported by the concepts of work of cohesion and adhesion. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3Computed Properties of C25H54ClN).

N-Methyl-N,N-dioctyloctan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 5137-55-3) belongs to organic chlorides. An organic chloride is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of names and applications. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Computed Properties of C25H54ClN

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reliable optoelectronic switchable device implementation by CdS nanowires conjugated bent-core liquid crystal matrix was written by Asiya, S. I.;Pal, Kaushik;El-Sayyad, Gharieb S.;Elkodous, M. Abd;Demetriades, Catherine;Kralj, Samo;Thomas, Sabu. And the article was included in Organic Electronics in 2020.Quality Control of 4-Chlororesorcinol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Enhancing the performance of high luminescent and dielec. capable cadmium sulfide nanowire (CdS NW) is of great importance, because of their promising ability in analyzing the dimensionality and size. The tuned phys. characteristics of semiconductor CdS NWs allowed the manipulation of both electronic and optoelectronic devices at the nanoscale by dispersing a new bent core (BC) liquid crystal (LC) compound This was derived from a 4-chlororesorcinol central core unit with two terephthalate based rod-like units carrying chiral (S)-3, 7-dimethyloctyloxy (namely CPDB) terminal chains, which have been synthesized in a pure solvo-chem. process. The mesomorphic properties of the newly-prepared bent-core LC, exhibiting an enantiotropy Sm Aphase as a result of dispersing 0.005% of CdS NWs, were investigated by several spectroscopic investigations. In addition, the hydrothermal fabrication of CdS NWs with a high-yield was modified with a cationic agent, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), which was utilized as a compatibilizer for providing a better interaction with LC mols. and giving a homogeneous solution This work focused on the exptl. investigation and optimization, using a combinational view of bent-core liquid crystal (CPDB) compound dispersion which was achieved in a controllable manner. The product of the resulting composite matrix has a very outstanding and promising behavior, e.g. semiconductor nanostructures emission polarization that can be manipulated using an external bias modulation of the novel switchable device, which was found quite convincing in the recent trends of brand-new technologies. In particular, the electro-optic responses by POM of various mesophases were investigated from the view point of the CdS incorporated bent-core LC matrix formation and transitional phase variants of ON and OFF states, which were depending on the geometrical parameters of CdS NWs. Finally, the future challenges and prospects of any other nanomaterials dispersed into CPDB compound which will give rise to an increase of the mesomorphic range by preserving the mesophase type were explored in detail. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5Quality Control of 4-Chlororesorcinol).

4-Chlororesorcinol (cas: 95-88-5) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Quality Control of 4-Chlororesorcinol

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New Surfactant Phosphine Ligands and Platinum(II) Metallosurfactants. Influence of Metal Coordination on the Critical Micelle Concentration and Aggregation Properties was written by Parera, Elisabet;Comelles, Francesc;Barnadas, Ramon;Suades, Joan. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2010.Application of 6294-17-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The authors prepared the first Pt(II) metallosurfactants from a new family of linear surfactant phosphines Ph₂P(CH₂)_nSO₃Na {1 (n = 2), 2 (n = 6), and 3 (n = 10)}, which were synthesized by reaction between the halosulfonates X(CH₂)_nSO₃Na and sodium diphenylphosphide. The metallosurfactants cis-[PtCl₂L₂] (L = 1–3) were obtained after reaction between the phosphines and PtCl₂ in DMSO. All compounds were fully characterized by the usual methods {NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P, ¹⁹⁵Pt), IR, MS-ESI and HRMS}. By exploring the surfactant properties of phosphines 1–3 and their resp. Pt metallosurfactants cis-[PtCl₂L₂] (L = 1–3) through surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy, and cryo-TEM microscopy, the authors were able to analyze the influence of the metal coordination on the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the aggregation properties. The cmc values of Pt metallosurfactants were considerably lower than those obtained for the free phosphines 1–3. This behavior could be understood by an analogy between the structure of cis-[PtCl₂L₂] complexes and bolaform surfactants. The calculated values of area per mol. also showed different tendencies between 1–3 and cis-[PtCl₂L₂] complexes, which could be explained from the possible conformations of these compounds in the air-H₂O interface. The study of aggregates by dynamic light scattering spectroscopy and cryo-TEM microscopy showed the formation of spherical disperse medium size vesicles in all cases. However, substantial differences were observed between the three free phosphines (the population of micellar aggregates increased with long chain length) and also between phosphines and their resp. metallosurfactants. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3Application of 6294-17-3).

1-Bromo-6-chlorohexane (cas: 6294-17-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.Application of 6294-17-3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of cationic modifier type on the structure and morphology of organo-montmorillonite and its application properties in a high-temperature white oil system was written by Nong, Yingyi;Sun, Jinlong;Fu, Meng;Chen, Huiwen;Zhang, Zepeng. And the article was included in Applied Clay Science in 2021.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Three types (eight modifiers with three radical groups) of cationic modifiers aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts (AlQAS), aromatic quaternary ammonium salts (ArQAS), and polyoxyethylene quaternary ammonium salts (PoQAS), were used to modify montmorillonite (Mt) and prepare cationic-organo-montmorillonites (COMt). COMt was characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, contact angle, thermogravimetry, optical microscopy, gel volume, viscosity, and thixotropy to explore modifier type effects on the structure, morphol., and properties of COMt, as well as investigate the application properties in white oil system. The results show that eight cationic modifiers all entered the Mt. layer to form intercalated COMt. The modifier type significantly influences the structure, morphol., and properties of the obtained COMt and the application properties in white oil system. The basal spacing of PoQAS COMt (d₀₀₁ = 4.33 nm ∼ 5.28 nm) was the larger than ArQAS COMt (d₀₀₁ = 3.14 nm ∼ 3.60 nm) and AlQAS COMt (d₀₀₁ = 2.91 nm ∼ 3.66 nm). The morphologies of the three types of COMt lamella were all in a loose state. The order of COMt lamellar loosening degree with the same chain length was PoQAS COMt > ArQAS COMt > AlQAS COMt. The thermal stability and lipophilicity of the COMt powders were consistent with the morphol. results. In the white oil system at 180°C, XRD results showed that the thermal stability of PoQAS COMt was the best (maintaining the structure of PoQAS COMt and no Mt. generation), followed by ArQAS COMt, and AlQAS COMt had the worst thermal stability. The viscosity and thixotropy of three types COMt was ArQAS COMt better than PoQAS COMt and AlQAS COMt, PoQAS COMt better than AlQAS COMt. Research also showed that the steric hindrance, electropositivity of the modifier mol., and modifiers’ thermal stability are pos. related to the thermal stability of COMt in white oil. This work provides a basis and other ideas in understanding the relationships between radical groups types, the structures of quaternary ammonium salts, the thermal stability of COMt, and selecting and developing new modifiers. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can be used in production of: PVC, pesticides, chloromethane, teflon, insulators. Alkyl chlorides are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available.Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photophysics and photochemistry of mercurochrome in reverse micelles was written by Altamirano, Marcela S.;Grassano, Micaela E.;Bertolotti, Sonia G.;Previtali, Carlos M.. And the article was included in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry in 2016.Application In Synthesis of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The photophysics of the xanthene dye 2′,7′-Dibromo-5′-(hydroxymercurio)fluorescein disodium salt (merbromine, mercurochrome) (MCr) was studied in reverse micelles (RMs) of sodium 1,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) and benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride (BHDC). In the reverse micellar media both the absorption and emission spectra of the dye present a red shift with respect to water. It is concluded that MCr in both reverse micellar systems is localized in the interface. In BHDC due to the pos. charge at the interface and the neg. charge of the dye, it remains anchored to the interface irresp. of the water content of the RMs. On the other hand in the case of the neg. interface of AOT the photophys. properties tend to those in homogeneous water solution as the water content increases. For small size AOT RMs the dye resides in the interface co-micellizing with the surfactant, although more exposed to water than in the case of BHDC. Special interest was assigned to the effect of confinement on the triplet state properties. The triplet state decay kinetics and absorption spectra were determined by laser flash photolysis. The triplet lives longer in RMs than in homogeneous solvents. The compartmentalization of the dye precludes the auto-quenching which shorts the lifetime in homogeneous solvents. Furthermore, the quenching by electron donors and acceptors was investigated. Two aliphatic amines were used as electron donors. The hydrophilic triethanolamine (TEOA) is localized in the water pool, and the triplet quenching is more efficient than in homogeneous solvents. The apparent quenching rate constant for TEOA in AOT is one order of magnitude higher than BHDC. On the other hand the quenching by dipropylamine (DPA) which is located in the bulk organic solvent is much less efficient. The quenching by TEOA in RMs can be understood in terms of an exchange mechanism between micelles. As electron acceptor 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) was employed, and the value in BHDC is two orders of magnitude higher than in AOT. These divergences most likely arise from different partitions of the quenchers in the reverse micellar systems. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Application In Synthesis of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride).

N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways. These compounds are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Application In Synthesis of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design and synthesis of substituted dihydropyrimidinone derivatives as cytotoxic and tubulin polymerization inhibitors was written by Sana, Sravani;Tokala, Ramya;Bajaj, Deepti Madanlal;Nagesh, Narayana;Bokara, Kiran Kumar;Kiranmai, Gaddam;Lakshmi, Uppu Jaya;Vadlamani, Swapna;Talla, Venu;Shankaraiah, Nagula. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2019.Electric Literature of C6H9ClO3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An operationally simple Biginelli protocol was employed for the synthesis of new C₆-carbon based aryl α-haloacrylamide-linked dihydropyrimidinone derivatives I (R = H, NHC(O)C(=CH₂)Br; R¹ = NHC(O)C(=CH₂)Br, Cl; R² = Ph, thiophen-2-yl, 4-phenylphenyl, etc.). The synthesized compounds were appraised for their in vitro antiproliferative potential against a selected panel of human cancer cell lines especially MCF-7 (human breast cancer), MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer), HCT-116 (human colon cancer), HCT-15 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma) and DU145 (human prostate cancer) along with normal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1). Preferably, compounds containing α-haloacrylamide I functionality were found to exhibit most significant cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ value 0.54 ± 0.12 to 8.35 ± 0.82 μM) against the listed cancer cell lines, particularly towards breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (IC₅₀ value 0.54 ± 0.12 to 3.70 ± 0.24 μM). In the seam of synthesized compounds, compound I (R = H; R¹ = NHC(O)C(=CH₂)Br; R² = 4-methylphenyl (A)) exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell lines namely MCF-7 (IC₅₀ value 0.54 ± 0.12 μM) and MDA-MB-231 (IC₅₀ value 1.18 ± 0.32 μM). Further to understand the underlying apoptosis mechanisms, different staining techniques such as AO/EB, DCFDA, and DAPI staining were performed. To know the extent of apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in MCF-7 cell lines, annexin V-FITC/PI and JC-1 were performed. Cell cycle anal. revealed that compound (A) arrested the cells at G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. The compound (A) also found to exhibit significant inhibition of tubulin polymerization (IC₅₀ of 6.91 ± 0.43 μM) with microtubule destabilizing properties. Mol. docking studies also revealed that compound (A) efficiently interacted with critical catalytically active residues Ser178, Val238, and Val318 of the α/β-tubulin by a hydrogen bond. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3Electric Literature of C6H9ClO3).

Ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (cas: 638-07-3) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Electric Literature of C6H9ClO3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Aqueous lithium chloride solution as a non-toxic bactericidal and fungicidal disinfectant for air-conditioning systems: Efficacy and mechanism was written by Gu, Yuqian;Zhong, Ke;Cao, Rong;Yang, Zili. And the article was included in Environmental Research in 2022.Formula: ClLi The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Airborne pathogenic bacteria and fungi transmitted through air-conditioning (AC) systems have been identified as a major public health risk. Air scrubbing is a promising liquid-based air disinfection technique that captures and inactivates airborne pathogens in liquid disinfectants. However, owing to the drawbacks of irritating odor and toxicity, the commonly-used chem. disinfectants cannot be employed for AC systems. This study aimed to unveil the inactivation performance and mechanism of non-toxic and chem. stable aqueous lithium chloride (LiCl) solution-the popular liquid desiccant in the AC systems-as a user-friendly disinfectant. Four prominent airborne pathogenic bacteria and fungi were exposed to the LiCl solution under various conditions. The inactivation effects were quantified with fluorescence-staining-based confocal microscopy and verified with the pathogens membrane integrity variations, intracellular substance leakage, and morphol. changes. Results showed that LiCl solution was remarkably efficient in inactivating the pathogens within 60 min, with an efficacy of 35.2-96.2%. The solutions inactivation ability was promoted by increasing the temperatures and concentrations; however, it appeared insensitive to exposure time over 30 min. We then explored the inactivation mechanism of LiCl solution by assessing cellular protein leakages and compared the inactivation rates with those of NaCl solution The extracellular protein increased by over 470% after being exposed to LiCl solution The inactivation rate was also considerably higher than in NaCl solution under the same osmotic pressure (24.79 MPa). We suggest that apart from osmotic pressure, the inactivation is reinforced by Li+-specific properties, including its strong water attraction that deprived the solvation shells of microbial protein and caused protein denaturation. We propose that aqueous LiCl solution may act as a user-friendly disinfectant for air-scrubbing due to its attractive characteristics, including its non-toxicity, odorless nature, and chem. stability. These findings may open up a “green” way to disinfect airborne pathogens and safeguard public health. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Formula: ClLi).

Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines stimulate the central nervous system and cause convulsions, tremor, nausea, and mental confusion. Examples are dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, lindane, endosulfan, and dieldrin. The haloform reaction, using chlorine and sodium hydroxide, is also able to generate alkyl halides from methyl ketones, and related compounds. Chloroform was formerly produced thus.Formula: ClLi

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics