Decomposition of PVDF to delaminate cathode materials from end-of-life lithium-ion battery cathodes was written by Ji, Yi;Jafvert, Chad T.;Zyaykina, Nadezhda N.;Zhao, Fu. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2022.Electric Literature of ClLi The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The growing demand of elec. vehicles and rapid consumption of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) require recycling of spent cathode active materials (CAMs) to reduce hazardous wastes and supply raw materials to LIB production To sep. CAMs from the cathode, direct calcination of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder is widely applied, which leads to high energy consumption and release of toxic hydrogen fluoride. It is desirable to have an environmentally friendly and effective alternative to traditional direct calcination. In this study, five lithium salts, LiOAc (lithium acetate), LiNO3, LiCl, Li2CO3, and Li2SO4, were deployed and compared for their performance in recycling CAMs. A peel-off efficiency of up to 98.5% was achieved at a LiOAc to LiNO3 molar ratio of 3:2, salt to cathode mass ratio of 10:1, and temperature of 300°C at a holding time of 30 min. This system avoids corrosive chems. and minimizes particle agglomeration of recycled products. Compared with sodium salt systems (NaOAc-NaNO3) or direct calcination, the LiOAc-LiNO3 system prevented high reaction temperature or further lithium loss, and minimized crystal structure and morphol. changes. A decomposition mechanism of PVDF through adsorption of HF and fluorine substitution was proposed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Electric Literature of ClLi).
Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides can cause corrosion in pipelines, valves and condensers, and cause catalyst poisoning. The hydrocarbon processing industry (HPI) and others are affected by damage caused by these substances. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Electric Literature of ClLi
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics