Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of eicosapentaenoic acid extraction from Nannochloropsis oceanica using tetramethyl ammonium chloride and microwave irradiation was written by Motlagh, Shiva Rezaei;Khezri, Ramin;Harun, Razif;Awang Biak, Dayang Radiah;Hussain, Siti Aslina;Chee, Ching Yern;Kheawhom, Soorathep. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2022.Formula: C4H12ClN The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Microalgae have garnered widespread attention as a sustainable source of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. As for extracting lipids from microalgae, the combination of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ionic liquids (IL) is shown to be promising. However, such an undertaking usually requires a large consumption of expensive ILs. This study innovatively employs tetra-Me ammonium chloride ([TMAm][Cl]) as an additive in water medium to associate with microwave-assisted ionic liquid extraction (MAILE) in extracting lipids from Nannochloropsis oceanica (N. oceanica) microalgae. In extraction, knowledge of reaction kinetics is crucial since it provides the foundation for developing, controlling, and improving the processes of extraction Herein, using MAILE, lipids are extracted from N. oceanica microalgae and transesterified to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Mass transfer kinetics are, therefore, investigated using the first and second-order rate law and Patricelli’s model. In the development of models, the influence of temperature (60-90°C) and reaction time (1-25 min) on EPA extraction is empirically evaluated. From the thermodn. study, the pos. values of ΔS (+0.10 kJ mol-1K-1) and ΔH (+32.50 kJ mol-1) and the neg. value of ΔG (-1.68 to -4.75 kJ mol-1) confirm that this process is endothermic in nature, irreversible and spontaneous. MAILE proves to be a promising approach for the extraction of high-quality EPAs. Due to its low cost, rapid operation, and environmental friendliness, it is seen to be suitable for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0Formula: C4H12ClN).
Tetramethylammonium chloride (cas: 75-57-0) belongs to organic chlorides. Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. Organochlorine compounds are lipophylic, meaning they are more soluble in fat than in water. This gives them a high tenancy to accumulate in the food chain (biomagnification).Formula: C4H12ClN
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics