Effect of lithium chloride on food intake, cloacal temperature, voluntary activity, and crop-emptying rate in chicks was written by Tachibana, Tetsuya;Nakatani, Ai;Khan, Sakirul;Makino, Ryosuke;Cline, Mark A.. And the article was included in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology in 2022.Reference of 7447-41-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Infections frequently accompany with non-specific symptoms such as anorexia and hyperthermia. In addition, there may be unpleasant sensations such as visceral discomfort during infection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Gram-neg. bacteria cell wall component, is known to induce the unpleasant sensation of conditioned taste aversion in mammals. However, the relationship between unpleasant sensations and changes in behavior and physiol. conditions has not been investigated extensively in birds. Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a compound that induces unpleasant sensations, including visceral discomfort, although its effects on behavior and physiol. conditions have also not been investigated extensively in birds. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of an i.p. (IP) injection of LiCl on conditioned visual aversion, food intake, cloacal temperature, voluntary activity, crop-emptying rate, and blood constituents in chicks (Gallus gallus). We also examined the effect of IP injections of LPS and zymosan, a cell wall component of fungus, on conditioned visual aversion formation. First, IP injection of LiCl was confirmed to induce conditioned visual aversion in chicks. An IP injection of LiCl significantly decreased food intake, voluntary activity, and crop-emptying rate but did not affect the temperature In addition, the injection of LiCl significantly increased plasma corticosterone concentration, indicating that LiCl serves as a stressor in chicks. Finally, IP injections of LPS and zymosan were found to induce conditioned visual aversion in chicks. Collectively, these results suggest that LiCl induces conditioned aversion, anorexia, hypoactivity, and inhibition of crop-emptying in chicks. In addition, LPS and zymosan would induce unpleasant sensations in chicks. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8Reference of 7447-41-8).
Lithium chloride (cas: 7447-41-8) belongs to organic chlorides. Organic chlorides are compounds containing a carbon-chlorine bond, which are widely used in the oil field as a wax dissolver. While alkyl bromides and iodides are more reactive, alkyl chlorides tend to be less expensive and more readily available. Alkyl chlorides readily undergo attack by nucleophiles.Reference of 7447-41-8
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics