Influence of in Vitro Assay Setup on the Apparent Cytotoxic Potency of Benzalkonium Chlorides was written by Groothuis, Floris A.;Timmer, Niels;Opsahl, Eystein;Nicol, Beate;Droge, Steven T. J.;Blaauboer, Bas J.;Kramer, Nynke I.. And the article was included in Chemical Research in Toxicology in 2019.Quality Control of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The nominal concentration is generally used to express concentration-effect relationships in in vitro toxicity assays. However, the nominal concentration does not necessarily represent the exposure concentration responsible for the observed effect. Surfactants accumulate at interphases and likely sorb to in vitro system components such as serum protein and well plate plastic. The extent of sorption and the consequences of this sorption on in vitro readouts is largely unknown for these chems. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of sorption to in vitro components on the observed cytotoxic potency of benzalkonium chlorides (BAC) varying in alkyl chain length (6-18 carbon atoms, C6-18) in a basal cytotoxicity assay with the rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1). Cells were exposed for 48h in 96-well plates to increasing concentration of BACs in exposure medium containing 0, 60 μM Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Before and after exposure, BAC concentrations in exposure medium were anal. determined Based on freely dissolved concentrations at the end of the exposure, median effect concentrations (EC50) decreased with increasing alkyl chain length up to 14 carbons. For BAC with alkyl chains of twelve or more carbons, EC50s based on measured concentrations after exposure in supplement-free medium were up to 25-times lower than EC50 calculated using nominal concentrations When BSA or FBS was added to the medium, a decrease in cytotoxic potency of up to 22 times was observed for BAC with alkyl chains of eight or more carbons. The results of this study emphasize the importance of expressing the in vitro readouts as a function of a dose metric that is least influenced by assay setup to compare assay sensitivities and chem. potencies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9Quality Control of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride).
N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride (cas: 122-18-9) belongs to organic chlorides. Organochlorines are organic compounds having multiple chlorine atoms. They were the first synthetic pesticides that were used in agriculture. They are resistant to most microbial and chemical degradations. Aliphatic organochlorides are often alkylating agents as chlorine can act as a leaving group, which can result in cellular damage.Quality Control of N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium chloride
Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics