Month: October 2022

Electric Literature of C4H5NO3On October 15, 2014 ,《Ternary Nylon-3 Copolymers as Host-Defense Peptide Mimics: Beyond Hydrophobic and Cationic Subunits》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The article was written by Chakraborty, Saswata; Liu, Runhui; Hayouka, Zvi; Chen, Xinyu; Ehrhardt, Jeffrey; Lu, Qin; Burke, Eileen; Yang, Yiqing; Weisblum, Bernard; Wong, Gerard C. L.; Masters, Kristyn S.; Gellman, Samuel H.. The article contains the following contents:

Host-defense peptides (HDPs) are produced by eukaryotes to defend against bacterial infection, and diverse synthetic polymers have recently been explored as mimics of these natural peptides. HDPs are rich in both hydrophobic and cationic amino acid residues, and most HDP-mimetic polymers have therefore contained binary combinations of hydrophobic and cationic subunits. However, HDP-mimetic polymers rarely duplicate the hydrophobic surface and cationic charge d. found among HDPs (Hu, K.; et al. Macromols. 2013, 46, 1908); the charge and hydrophobicity are generally higher among the polymers. Statistical anal. of HDP sequences (Wang, G.; et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37, D933) has revealed that serine (polar but uncharged) is a very common HDP constituent and that glycine is more prevalent among HDPs than among proteins in general. These observations prompted us to prepare and evaluate ternary nylon-3 copolymers that contain a modestly polar but uncharged subunit, either serine-like or glycine-like, along with a hydrophobic subunit and a cationic subunit. Starting from binary hydrophobic-cationic copolymers that were previously shown to be highly active against bacteria but also highly hemolytic, we found that replacing a small proportion of the hydrophobic subunit with either of the polar, uncharged subunits can diminish the hemolytic activity with minimal impact on the antibacterial activity. These results indicate that the incorporation of polar, uncharged subunits may be generally useful for optimizing the biol. activity profiles of antimicrobial polymers. In the context of HDP evolution, our findings suggest that there is a selective advantage to retaining polar, uncharged residues in natural antimicrobial peptides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Oxo-2-azetidinecarboxylic acid(cas: 98019-65-9Electric Literature of C4H5NO3)

4-Oxo-2-azetidinecarboxylic acid(cas:98019-65-9) is one of azetidine.Azetidines (azacyclobutanes) constitute a well-known class of heterocyclic compounds. Azetidine scaffold has been discovered in several natural products.Electric Literature of C4H5NO3 Several pharmacologically important synthetic compounds also contain azetidine ring. Because of inherent ring strain, the synthesis of azetidines is a challenging endeavor.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hansen, Bettina Borreschmidt; Jepsen, Tue Heesgaard; Larsen, Mogens; Sindet, Rikke; Vifian, Thomas; Burhardt, Mia Noerreskov; Larsen, Jens; Seitzberg, Jimmi Gerner; Carnerup, Martin A.; Jerre, Anders; Moelck, Christina; Lovato, Paola; Rai, Sanjay; Nasipireddy, Venkatarathnam Reddy; Ritzen, Andreas published an article in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. The title of the article was 《Fragment-Based Discovery of Pyrazolopyridones as JAK1 Inhibitors with Excellent Subtype Selectivity》.SDS of cas: 1220695-06-6 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Herein, we report the discovery of a series of JAK1-selective kinase inhibitors with high potency and excellent JAK family subtype selectivity. A fragment screening hit 1 with a pyrazolopyridone core and a JAK1 bias was selected as the starting point for our fragment-based lead generation efforts. A two-stage strategy was chosen with the dual aims of improving potency and JAK1 selectivity: Optimization of the lipophilic ribose pocket-targeting substituent was followed by the introduction of a variety of P-loop-targeting functional groups. Combining the best moieties from both stages of the optimization afforded compound 40(I), which showed excellent potency and selectivity. Metabolism studies in vitro and in vivo together with an in vitro safety evaluation suggest that 40 may be a viable lead compound for the development of highly subtype-selective JAK1 inhibitors. In addition to this study using Cyclobutylmethanesulfonyl chloride, there are many other studies that have used Cyclobutylmethanesulfonyl chloride(cas: 1220695-06-6SDS of cas: 1220695-06-6) was used in this study.

Cyclobutylmethanesulfonyl chloride(cas: 1220695-06-6) is a mumber of cyclobutanes. In contrast to cyclopropane, cyclobutane is not planar but “puckered”. Puckering, which occurs when hydrogen atoms are twisted away from each other, reduces hydrogen–hydrogen eclipsing interactions. This twisting does not produce a fully staggered arrangement of hydrogen atoms because the decrease in torsional strain energy is balanced by some increase in the bond angle strain.SDS of cas: 1220695-06-6

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Synthesis of chiral α-substituted α-amino acid and amine derivatives through Ni-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation》 was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020. These research results belong to Liu, Gongyi; Zhang, Xianghe; Wang, Heng; Cong, Hengjiang; Zhang, Xumu; Dong, Xiu-Qin. Formula: C3H3ClO3 The article mentions the following:

Highly efficient Ni-catalyzed asym. hydrogenation of cyclic N-sulfonyl ketimino esters was, for the first time, successfully developed, providing various chiral α-monosubstituted α-amino acid derivatives with excellent results (97-99% yields, 90 to >99% ee). Cyclic N-sulfonyl ketimines were also hydrogenated well to afford chiral amine derivatives with 98-99% yields and 97 to >99% ee. The gram-scale asym. hydrogenation was performed well with 85% yield and 99% ee using only 0.2 mol% catalyst. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Methyl 2-chloro-2-oxoacetate(cas: 5781-53-3Formula: C3H3ClO3)

Methyl 2-chloro-2-oxoacetate(cas: 5781-53-3) belongs to acyl chlorides. In the laboratory, acyl chlorides are generally prepared by treating carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride (SOCl2). The reaction is catalyzed by dimethylformamide and other additives.Formula: C3H3ClO3

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Design and Characterization of Model Linear Low-Density Polyethylenes (LLDPEs) by Multidetector Size Exclusion Chromatography》 was written by Orski, Sara V.; Kassekert, Luke A.; Farrell, Wesley S.; Kenlaw, Grace A.; Hillmyer, Marc A.; Beers, Kathryn L.. Safety of Benzylidenebis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Separations of com. polyethylenes, which often involve mixtures and copolymers of linear, short-chain branched, and long-chain branched chains, can be very challenging to optimize as species with similar hydrodynamic sizes or solubility often coelute in various chromatog. methods. To better understand the effects of polymer structure on the dilute solution properties of polyolefins, a family of model linear low-d. polyethylenes (LLDPEs) were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of sterically hindered, alkyl-substituted cyclooctenes, followed by hydrogenation. Within this series, the alkyl branch frequency was fixed while systematically varying the short-chain branch length. These model materials were analyzed by ambient- and high-temperature size exclusion chromatog. (HT-SEC) to determine their molar mass, intrinsic viscosity ([η]), and degree of short-chain branching across their resp. molar mass distributions. Short-chain branching is fixed across the molar mass distribution, based on the synthetic strategy used, and measured values agree with theor. values for longer alkyl branches, as evident by HT-SEC. Deviation from theor. values is observed for Et branched LLDPEs when calibrated using either α-olefin copolymers (poly(ethylene-stat-1-octene)) or blends of polyethylene and polypropylene standards A systematic decrease of intrinsic viscosity is observed with increasing branch length across the entire molar mass distribution. This work demonstrates the applicability of these model materials to deconvolute structure-property relationships using chromatog. separation techniques and is a step toward determining if sequence control can minimize compositional heterogeneity and generate improved standards for determining branching content in com. polyolefins. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Benzylidenebis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium(cas: 172222-30-9Safety of Benzylidenebis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium)

Benzylidenebis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium(cas: 172222-30-9) is the first metathesis catalyst to be widely used in organic synthesis. It is useful for acyclic diene metathesis polymerization (ADMET), Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of strained cyclic olefins, ring opening metathesis (ROM), and so on.Safety of Benzylidenebis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Enzyme responsive luminescent ruthenium(II) cephalosporin probe for intracellular imaging and photoinactivation of antibiotics resistant bacteria》 was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2012. These research results belong to Shao, Qing; Xing, Bengang. SDS of cas: 79349-53-4 The article mentions the following:

The Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based luminescent ruthenium(II) cephalosporin probe has been designed and synthesized, which can be selectively activated by endogenous β-lactamases and thus provided a localized and specific intracellular luminescence imaging and photoinactivation of drug resistant bacterial pathogens. In the experiment, the researchers used (6R,7R)-Benzhydryl 7-amino-3-(chloromethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate hydrochloride(cas: 79349-53-4SDS of cas: 79349-53-4)

(6R,7R)-Benzhydryl 7-amino-3-(chloromethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate hydrochloride(cas:79349-53-4) is one of azetidine.Azetidines (azacyclobutanes) constitute a well-known class of heterocyclic compounds. Azetidine scaffold has been discovered in several natural products.SDS of cas: 79349-53-4 Several pharmacologically important synthetic compounds also contain azetidine ring. Because of inherent ring strain, the synthesis of azetidines is a challenging endeavor.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The author of 《Infrared spectra of 1,2,3,5-tetrasubstituted benzene derivatives. II》 were Varsanyi, Gyorgy; Sohar, Pal. And the article was published in Acta Chimica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae in 1973. HPLC of Formula: 37908-97-7 The author mentioned the following in the article:

A detailed interpretation is given of the ir spectra of 35 1,2,3,5-tetrasubstituted benzenes containing light atoms (at. weight <20) in positions 2 and 5 and heavy atoms (at. weight >20) in positions 1 and 3. Correlations were established between the intensity and frequency of the spectral bands, and the influence of substituents on the electron distribution. The coupling of certain vibrations having identical symmetry was demonstrated and the association structure of the individual compounds was established. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 3,5-Dichloro-4-methoxybenzoic acid(cas: 37908-97-7HPLC of Formula: 37908-97-7)

3,5-Dichloro-4-methoxybenzoic acid(cas: 37908-97-7) belongs to organochlorine compounds. Alkanes and aryl alkanes may be chlorinated under free radical conditions, with UV light. However, the extent of chlorination is difficult to control. Aryl chlorides may be prepared by the Friedel-Crafts halogenation, using chlorine and a Lewis acid catalyst.HPLC of Formula: 37908-97-7

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2019,Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) included an article by Chen, Xin-Lei; Zhou, Sheng-Hua; Lin, Jin-Hong; Deng, Qing-Hai; Xiao, Ji-Chang. Application In Synthesis of 1-(Bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene. The article was titled 《Difluorocarbene-derived trifluoromethylselenolation of benzyl halides》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Cu-Promoted difluorocarbene-derived trifluoromethylselenolation of benzyl halides RX [R = C6H5(CH2)2, naphthalen-2-ylmethyl, (3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl, etc.; X = Cl, Br] with the Ph3P+CF2CO2-/Se/F- system is described. Three new carbon-heteroatom bonds, a Se-CF2 bond, SeCF2-F bond, and C-SeCF3 bond, were sequentially formed in the reaction. This work represents the first trifluoromethylselenolation protocol involving an external fluoride for the generation of the key intermediate, CF3Se- anion. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1-(Bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene(cas: 622-95-7Application In Synthesis of 1-(Bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene)

1-(Bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene(cas: 622-95-7) is a useful reagent for the preparation of panicinotam derivatives for use as anti-inflammatory agents or immunomodulators.Application In Synthesis of 1-(Bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene It can be synthesized by reacting 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol with bromodimethylsulfonium bromide (BDMS) It can also be synthesized by refluxing a mixture of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, chlorotrimethylsilane, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane and lithium bromide.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of sulfoxonium ylides and benzyl bromides by carbene migratory insertion》 was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020. These research results belong to Yan, Kaichuan; He, Maoyao; Li, Jianglian; He, Hua; Lai, Ruizhi; Luo, Yi; Guo, Li; Wu, Yong. Reference of 1-(Bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene The article mentions the following:

A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of sulfoxonium ylides 3-R-4-R1-C6H3C(C(O)OR2)=S(O)(CH3)2 [R = H, OMe; R1 = H, Cl, Me; R2 = Et, i-Bu] and benzyl bromides R3CH(R4)Br (R3 = ethenyl, Ph, naphthalen-2-yl, etc.; R4 = H, Ph) has been developed, which has potential safety advantages over previous carbene coupling reactions using either diazo compounds or their in situ precursors. This reaction affords polysubstituted olefins (Z/E)-3-R-4-R1-C6H3C(C(O)OR2)=C(R3)R4, and features good substrate tolerance and is suitable for late-stage modification of biol. active mols. Pd-carbene migratory insertion is supposed to be involved in this coupling reaction.1-(Bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene(cas: 622-95-7Reference of 1-(Bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene) was used in this study.

1-(Bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene(cas: 622-95-7) is a useful reagent for the preparation of panicinotam derivatives for use as anti-inflammatory agents or immunomodulators.Reference of 1-(Bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene It can be synthesized by reacting 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol with bromodimethylsulfonium bromide (BDMS) It can also be synthesized by refluxing a mixture of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, chlorotrimethylsilane, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane and lithium bromide.

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Iridium-catalyzed C-H amidation of s-tetrazines》 was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020. These research results belong to Xiong, Huan; Gu, Yuang; Zhang, Shuning; Lu, Fengping; Ji, Qun; Liu, Lili; Ma, Peixiang; Yang, Guang; Hou, Wei; Xu, Hongtao. Quality Control of Thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride The article mentions the following:

An efficient, selective and scalable C-H amidation of s-tetrazines under iridium(III) catalysis was reported to affor amido-aryl tetrazines such as I [R1 = H, 3-Br, 4-CF3, etc.; R2 = NHSO2n-Bu, NHSO2Ph, NHTs, etc.; R3 = H, NHSO2Ph, NHTs, etc.]. This reaction featured a broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance and air and water tolerance. This reaction also showed great potential for the rapid preparation of tri- and tetra-functional building blocks, which could be applied either in bioconjugation or synthesis of DNA-encoded library. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride(cas: 16629-19-9Quality Control of Thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride)

Thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride(cas: 16629-19-9) is a member of sulfonyl chlorides. Sulfonyl chlorides are reactive sulfonic acid derivatives similar in properties and reactivity to acid chlorides of carboxylates. The sulfonic acid group, however, is a highly hindered molecule, containing a tetrahedral configuration of substituents. Quality Control of Thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Moreno-Da Silva, Sara; Martinez, Jesus I.; Develioglu, Aysegul; Nieto-Ortega, Belen; de Juan-Fernandez, Leire; Ruiz-Gonzalez, Luisa; Picon, Antonio; Oberli, Solene; Alonso, Pablo J.; Moonshiram, Dooshaye; Perez, Emilio M.; Burzuri, Enrique published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Magnetic, Mechanically Interlocked Porphyrin-Carbon Nanotubes for Quantum Computation and Spintronics》, and you may find the article in Journal of the American Chemical Society.Safety of Benzylidenebis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Atomic-scale reproducibility and tunability endorse magnetic mols. as candidates for spin qubits and spintronics. A major challenge is to implant those mol. spins into circuit geometries that may allow one, two, or a few spins to be addressed in a controlled way. Here, the formation of mech. bonded, magnetic porphyrin dimeric rings around carbon nanotubes (mMINTs) is presented. The mech. bond places the porphyrin magnetic cores in close contact with the carbon nanotube without disturbing their structures. A combination of spectroscopic techniques shows that the magnetic geometry of the dimers is preserved upon formation of the macrocycle and the mMINT. Moreover, the metallic core selection determines the spin location in the mMINT. The suitability of mMINTs as qubits is explored by measuring their quantum coherence times (Tm). Formation of the dimeric ring preserves the Tm found in the monomer, which remains in the μs scale for mMINTs. The carbon nanotube is used as vessel to place the mols. in complex circuits. This strategy can be extended to other families of magnetic mols. The size and composition of the macrocycle can be tailored to modulate magnetic interactions between the cores and to introduce magnetic asymmetries (heterometallic dimers) for more complex mol.-based qubits. In the experiment, the researchers used Benzylidenebis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium(cas: 172222-30-9Safety of Benzylidenebis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium)

Benzylidenebis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium(cas: 172222-30-9) is the first metathesis catalyst to be widely used in organic synthesis. It is useful for acyclic diene metathesis polymerization (ADMET), Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of strained cyclic olefins, ring opening metathesis (ROM), and so on.Safety of Benzylidenebis(tricyclohexylphosphine)dichlororuthenium

Referemce:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics