Month: April 2022

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 1968-05-4, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, about 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM): a nutritional intervention and its impact on breast density in healthy BRCA carriers. a prospective clinical trial, the main research direction is diindolylmethane nutritional intervention BRCA carrier breast density clin trial.Quality Control of 3,3′-Diindolylmethane.

Women who carry the BRCA mutation are at high lifetime risk of breast cancer, but there is no consensus regarding an effective and safe chemoprevention strategy. A large body of evidence suggests that 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM), a dimer of indole-3-carbinol found in cruciferous vegetables, can potentially prevent carcinogenesis and tumor development. The primary aim of this prospective single-arm study was to investigate the effect of DIM supplementation on breast d., a recognized predictive factor of breast cancer risk. Participants were 23 healthy female BRCA carriers (median age 47 years; 78% postmenopausal) who were treated with oral DIM 100 mg x 1/day for 1 yr. The amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed before and after the intervention was scored by two independent expert radiologists using the Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System. The results showed a decrease in the average score for FGT amount from 2.8 ± 0.8 at the onset to 2.65 ± 0.84 after 1 yr (P = 0.031), with no significant change in BPE (P = 0.429). A group of DIM-untreated age- and menopausal-status-matched women from the BRCA clinic did not show a significant change in FGT amount (P = 0.33) or BPE (P = 0.814) in a parallel year. Mean estradiol level decreased from 159 to 102 pmol/l (P = 0.01), and mean testosterone level decreased from 0.42 to 0.31 pmol/l (P = 0.007). Side effects were grade 1. In conclusion, 1 yr′s supplementation with DIM 100 mg x 1/day in BRCA carriers was associated with a significant decline in FGT amount on MRI. Larger randomized studies are warranted to corroborate these findings.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Recommanded Product: 1968-05-4. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, CAS is 1968-05-4, about Employing dietary comparators to perform risk assessments for anti-androgens without using animal data.

This study investigated the use of androgen receptor (AR) reporter gene assay data in a non-animal exposure-led risk assessment in which in vitro antiandrogenic activity and exposure data were put into context using a naturally occurring comparator substance with a history of dietary consumption. First, several dietary components were screened to identify which selectively interfered with AR signaling in vitro, using the AR CALUX test. The IC50 values from these dose-response data together with measured or predicted human exposure levels were used to calculate exposure: activity ratios (EARs) for the dietary components and a number of other well-known antiandrogenic substances. Both diindolylmethane (DIM) and resveratrol are specifically acting dietary antiandrogens. The EARs for several antiandrogens were therefore expressed relative to the EAR of DIM, and how this ‘dietary comparator ratio’ (DCR) approach may be used to make safety decisions was assessed using an exposure-led case study for an antiandrogenic botanical ingredient. This highlights a pragmatic approach which allows novel chem. exposures to be put into context against dietary exposures to natural antiandrogenic substances. The DCR approach may have utility for other modes of action where appropriate comparators can be identified.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, CAS is 1968-05-4, about Anticancer Activity of 3,3′-Diindolylmethane and the Molecular Mechanism Involved in Various Cancer Cell Lines, the main research direction is review DIM anticancer pharmacol.COA of Formula: C17H14N2.

A review. Indole-3-carbinol is a natural compound present in cruciferous plants, which upon digestion, converts into 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) under acidic pH of the stomach. In recent years, various methods have been developed to improve the synthesis of DIM and its analogs because of different pharmacol. activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, etc. Among them, DIMs anticancer activity by modulation of protein expression in cell signaling pathways and other factors has widely studied. This describes the antiproliferative activity of DIMs and its mode of action, which resulted in apoptosis in various cancerous cells. We have performed a literature search on DIMs anticancer activity over the last ten years (2011-2020) and reported in this . Several fascinating DIM attributes against cancer suggest it as a potential candidate for further drug development programs. This will guide the medicinal chemist to find the mechanistic pathways involved in the inhibition of proliferation in cancerous cells by novel DIMs.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao called Porous phosphate heterostructure materials as green catalysts in Prins condensation, Author is Wang, Xue-yan; Hua, Wei-ming; Yue, Ying-hong; Gao, Zi, which mentions a compound: 35836-73-8, SMILESS is CC1(C)[C@@]2([H])CC=C(CCO)[C@]1([H])C2, Molecular C11H18O, Related Products of 35836-73-8.

Various ion-exchanged porous phosphate heterostructure (PPH) materials were prepared and characterized by SEM, N2 adsorption and IR spectra of pyridine adsorption (Py-IR). Their catalytic behavior for the Prins condensation of β-pinene with paraformaldehyde was investigated. All catalysts exhibit good activities and selectivities towards nopol. Zn-ZrP is a more selective one in comparison to others, due to abundant Lewis acid sites and less Bronsted acid sites on the surface. The conversion of β-pinene and the yield of nopol on the catalyst reach 91% and 83% at 80°C. The catalyst is stable and reusable, and the product yield is only reduced by 12% after five runs. The reduction in activity is probably caused by deposition of coke on the active sites and partial collapse of porous structure.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 1-(tert-Butyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, is researched, Molecular C8H11NO2, CAS is 4144-22-3, about Cobalt-catalyzed 2-(1-methylhydrazinyl)pyridine-assisted cyclization of thiophene-2-carbohydrazides with maleimides: efficient synthesis of thiophene-fused pyridones, the main research direction is pyrrolothienopyridine preparation; carbohydrazide thiophene maleimide cycloaddition reaction cobalt catalyst.Recommanded Product: 4144-22-3.

A cobalt-catalyzed direct C-H/N-H functionalization of thiophene-2-carbohydrazides, e.g., I, with maleimides such as., 1-methyl-pyrrole-2,5-dione by utilizing 2-(1-methylhydrazinyl)pyridine (MHP) as an easily removable bidentate directing group has been developed. This formal [4+2] cycloaddition has been achieved for the first time, and it provides an alternative and versatile approach to construct thiophene-fused pyridones, e.g., II, using an inexpensive cobalt catalyst. The C-H/N-H activation cascade protocol showed a high efficiency and a broad substrate scope, and the products were obtained in good to excellent yields.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: Piperidine-3-carboxylic acid( cas:498-95-3 ) is researched.Recommanded Product: 498-95-3.Buran, Kerem; Reis, Rengin; Sipahi, Hande; Oenen Bayram, F. Esra published the article 《Piperazine and piperidine-substituted 7-hydroxy coumarins for the development of anti-inflammatory agents》 about this compound( cas:498-95-3 ) in Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany). Keywords: piperazine piperidine antiinflammatory agent; anti-inflammatory activity; coumarin; nitrite reduction; piperazine; piperidine. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:498-95-3).

Coumarins (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), derivatives that can be isolated from several plants, have been reported for their anticoagulant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or anticancer activity. Some of these structures are currently approved for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as antibiotics or as an anticancer drug. Given the great potential of this structure and the limited number of studies that focus on mols. derived from carbon 8 of the benzopyranone heterocycle, we synthesized in this project 38 coumarin derivatives by substituting carbon 8 of the benzopyran ring with some aromatic and aliphatically substituted piperidines and piperazines. As a few of these structures were already shown to exhibit some carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibition and as CA enzymes are reported to be closely related to inflammation, the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. The results indicated that compounds 20 and 31 revealed promising anti-inflammatory activity, as they demonstrated better activity than the reference drugs.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Safety of 3,3′-Diindolylmethane. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, is researched, Molecular C17H14N2, CAS is 1968-05-4, about 3,3′-diindolylmethane induces gastric cancer cells death via STIM1 mediated store-operated calcium entry. Author is Ye, Yang; Li, Xue; Wang, Zhihua; Ye, Fen; Xu, Wenrong; Lu, Rongzhu; Shen, Haijun; Miao, Shuhan.

3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a natural phytochems. isolated from cruciferous vegetables, has been reported to inhibit human gastric cancer cells proliferation and induce cells apoptosis as well as autophagy, but its mechanisms are still unclear. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a main Ca2+ influx pathway in various of cancers, which is activated by the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store. Stromal interaction mol. 1 (STIM1) is the necessary component of SOCE. In this study, we focus on to examine the regulatory mechanism of SOCE on DIM-induced death in gastric cancer. After treating the human BGC-823 and SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells with DIM, cellular proliferation was determined by MTT, apoptosis and autophagy were detected by flow cytometry or Hoechst 33342 staining. The expression levels of related proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. Free cytosolilc Ca2+ level was assessed by fluorescence monitoring under a laser scanning confocal microscope. The data have shown that DIM could significantly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis as well as autophagy in two gastric cancer cell lines. After DIM treatment, the STIM1-mediated SOCE was activated by upregulating STIM1 and decreasing ER Ca2+ level. Knockdown STIM1 with siRNA or pharmacol. inhibition of SOCE attenuated DIM induced apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting p-AMPK mediated ER stress pathway. Our data highlighted that the potential of SOCE as a promising target for treating cancers. Developing effective and selective activators targeting STIM1-mediated SOCE pathway will facilitate better therapeutic sensitivity of phytochems. acting on SOCE in gastric cancer. Moreover, more research should be performed to validate the efficacy of combination chemotherapy of anti-cancer drugs targeting SOCE for clin. application.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: N,N’-(trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-diyl)dipicolinamide(SMILESS: O=C(N[C@H]1[C@H](NC(C2=NC=CC=C2)=O)CCCC1)C3=NC=CC=C3,cas:218290-24-5) is researched.Related Products of 16400-32-1. The article 《Ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes containing pyridine carboxamide ligands and PPh3/AsPh3/Py coligands: Synthesis, spectral characterization, catalytic and antioxidant studies》 in relation to this compound, is published in Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:218290-24-5).

New Ru(II) carbonyl complexes bearing pyridine, carboxamide and PPh3/triphenylarsine/pyridine were prepared by direct reaction of Ru(II) precursors with some pyridine carboxamide ligands, N,N-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,2-ethane (H2L1), N,N-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,2-benzene (H2L2) and N,N-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamide)-trans-1,2-cyclohexane (H2L3). The organic ligands offering two Namide and two Npyridine donor sites to the metal center. They were characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR, UV-Visible, NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) and ESI-MS techniques. Based on the above data, an octahedral structure was assigned for all the complexes. The catalytic efficiency of the complexes in transfer hydrogenation of ketones in the presence of iPrOH/KOH and N-alkylation of amine in the presence of tBuOK was examined Also, the antioxidant activity of the ligands and its Ru(II) complexes were determined by DPPH radical, nitric oxide radical, hydroxyl radical and H2O2 scavenging methods, which indicates that the Ru(II) complexes exhibit more effective antioxidant activity than the ligands alone.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Combinatorial effect of chemotherapeutic drugs with natural products improves the combat against cancer cell drug resistance, published in 2021, which mentions a compound: 1968-05-4, Name is 3,3′-Diindolylmethane, Molecular C17H14N2, Name: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane.

A review. Cancer is one of the world’s leading causes of death making it an enticing condition to research and potentially develops prevention options. Sep. or in combination, Surgery, Radiation, Targeted treatments and Immunotherapy are widely used to treat cancer. These treatment strategies are becoming highly futile and tend to have achieved a clin. deficit due to massive side effects and multidrug resistance. Therefore, anti-cancer specific chemotherapy was needed to address and potentially solve this dilemma. The drawback of chemotherapy is the development of drug resistance. Naturally derived compounds were the cornerstone of chemotherapy for the last 40 years. Recent progress has allowed researchers to fully explore the possible use of effective, well suitable, sideeffect-free natural bio-active compounds along with well-proven chemotherapeutic drugs for treating or regulating cancer. However, merely a few substances were trialled in several cancer patients and there is only marginal knowledge of their therapeutic efficacy. Hereby, in this review, we discuss the efficacy of existing chemotherapy drugs such as Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil and some natural compounds (Curcumin, Capsaicin, 3,3’Diindolylmethane (DIM), Lupeol, Diosgenin and Ellagic acid) and their beneficial effects on cancer. This systematic review strongly admits the use of these compounds in patients with advanced and/or metastatic cancers, along with chemotherapy drugs.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Johnson, David K.; Rukachaisirikul, Thitima; Sun, Yan; Taylor, Nicholas J.; Canty, Allan J.; Carty, Arthur J. published the article 《Coupling of acetylenes held proximate to a metal: alkyne-alkyne interactions in cis-phosphinoacetylene complexes, including structural characterization of the unsymmetrical diphosphine 1-phenyl-2,3-bis(diphenylphoshino)naphthalene and three platinum(II) complexes of Ph2PCCPh》. Keywords: acetylene platinum coordination coupling reaction; diphosphinonaphthalene formation crystal structure; naphthalene diphosphinophenyl formation structure; platinum phosphinoacetylene derivative complex structure reaction; crystal structure diphosphinonaphthalene platinum phosphinoacetylene complex.They researched the compound: Diiodo(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum(II)( cas:12266-72-7 ).Synthetic Route of C8H12I2Pt. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:12266-72-7) here.

Cis-PtX(Z)(Ph2PCCPh)2 [X = Z = Cl, I, CF3, C6F5, Me; X(Z) = o-C6H4O2, Me(Cl)] were synthesized, and for all of the complexes except for di-Me complex, intramol. coupling of the phosphinoacetylene ligands occurs on heating to form cis-PtX(Z){o-C16H10(PPh2)2]. A mixture of the 2 possible structural isomers is formed for cis-PtMe(Cl){o-C16H10(PPh2)2}. Cis-PtMe2{o-C16H10(PPh2)2} was obtained by reaction of the dichloro analog with MeLi. Unsym. 1-phenyl-2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)naphthalene [o-C16H10(PPh2)2], produced as a coordinated ligand via these intramol. coupling reactions, was isolated in moderate yield from the dichloro complex and its structure determined by x-ray diffraction. Crystals of o-C16H10(PPh2)2 are triclinic, space group P1, Z = 2, R = 0.058, Rw = 0.070. Structure determinations of cis-PtCl2(Ph2PCCPh)2.2MeCN, cis-PtMe(Cl)(Ph2PCCPh)2.0.5CH2Cl2, and cis-PtMe2(Ph2PCCPh)2 were carried out to evaluate interligand interactions in the complexes. Crystal data: cis-PtCl2(Ph2PCCPh)2.2MeCN, monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z = 4, R = 0.031, Rw = 0.035; cis-PtMe(Cl)(Ph2PCCPh)2.0.5CH2Cl2, orthorhombic, space group Pbca, Z = 8, R = 0.039, Rw = 0.044; cis-PtMe2(Ph2PCCPh)2, orthorhombic, space group Pbca, Z = 8, R = 0.037, Rw = 0.042. Factors affecting the occurrence of intramol. coupling are assessed, together with a comparison of this reaction with related reactions of organic diacetylenes. Cis-PtMe(Cl)(Ph2PCCPh)2 reacts with Ph2PH to form a mixture of the 2 structural isomers of cis-PtMe(Cl){Ph2PCH:C(Ph)PPh2}.

From this literature《Coupling of acetylenes held proximate to a metal: alkyne-alkyne interactions in cis-phosphinoacetylene complexes, including structural characterization of the unsymmetrical diphosphine 1-phenyl-2,3-bis(diphenylphoshino)naphthalene and three platinum(II) complexes of Ph2PCCPh》,we know some information about this compound(12266-72-7)Synthetic Route of C8H12I2Pt, but this is not all information, there are many literatures related to this compound(12266-72-7).

Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics