Month: April 2021

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 19692-45-6, Name is 1-(tert-Butyl)-4-(chloromethyl)benzene, formurla is C11H15Cl. In a document, author is Pan, Chonggen, introducing its new discovery. Recommanded Product: 1-(tert-Butyl)-4-(chloromethyl)benzene.

Steel bars in concrete structures can become severely corroded in chloride salt-containing environments, which can shorten the service life of the structure. Bidirectional electromigration rehabilitation (BIEM), a novel type of durability repair technology used on reinforced-concrete (RC) structures experiencing chlo-ride corrosion, involves applying an electric field to discharge chloride ions from concrete and simultaneously applying a rust inhibitor to the steel surface. In this study, indoor experiments were performed to analyse the migration of chloride ions and the corrosion inhibitor in RC structures in the atmosphere and water-level-fluctuating areas. An electroosmotic device enhanced the efficiency of BIEM. The BIEM was particularly effective in wet-dry areas and inside the electroosmotic device. More than 90% of the chloride ions on the steel surface were removed within 15 mm of the electroosmotic device, and the chloride ion migration rate on the steel surface was 40%-60%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the surface of the steel bars was smooth after BIEM treatment, with no obvious pitting or corrosion products. The service life of concrete was calculated according to the prediction method of concrete. It can be expected that the concrete enters the early warning zone after 15 years and the rust zone after 30 years. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

I hope this article can help some friends in scientific research. I am very proud of our efforts over the past few months and hope to 19692-45-6 help many people in the next few years. Recommanded Product: 1-(tert-Butyl)-4-(chloromethyl)benzene.

Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
,Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds. 139631-62-2, Name is Cyclopropanesulfonylchloride, molecular formula is C3H5ClO2S, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Gao, Yu, once mentioned the new application about 139631-62-2, Recommanded Product: Cyclopropanesulfonylchloride.

Microbiologically influenced corrosion inhibition (MICI) of aluminum alloy (AA) 5083 by three representative Vibrio species were evaluated using electrochemical, surface analysis and surface characterization techniques. Interestingly, all the bacteria exhibited profound inhibitory effect on the corrosion of AA5083 in the chloride-containing culture medium. The MICI mechanism of tested Vibrio species is that mature biofilms acted as a diffusion barrier to prevent the penetration of corrosive chloride and consumed up the diffused oxygen by their aerobic respiration. Thus, the biofilm increased the passive range and inhibited the localized attack on the AA5083 surfaces.

We¡¯ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, 139631-62-2. The above is the message from the blog manager. Recommanded Product: Cyclopropanesulfonylchloride.

Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
,Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 140-53-4, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)acetonitrile, molecular formula is C8H6ClN. In an article, author is George, Amal,once mentioned of 140-53-4, Safety of (4-Chlorophenyl)acetonitrile.

Nanostructures of transition metal oxides, such as copper oxide (CuO), are attractive for their stability and cost-effectiveness. This work reveals that the precursor materials play a crucial role in tailoring the morphologies, properties of CuO nanostructures. Herein, three different copper precursors, such as copper acetate, copper chloride, and copper nitrate, have been used to prepare CuO nanostructures. We find that nanosphere morphology is formed when copper acetate and copper chloride are used, whereas nanoflower morphology is formed when copper nitrate is used as precursors. The synthesis of flower-like CuO nanostructures is attained by altering the precursor material alone, and the petals of these flowers have a thickness of around 50 nm. The photocatalytic properties of the CuO nanoparticles prepared with the different precursors are investigated for the degradation of methylene blue dye. At a certain dye concentration level, the small size of particles results in a higher surface-to-volume ratio, which causes an increase in the number of active surface sites. Owing to the lowest particle size, CuOsphere-A (copper acetate) performs the best photodegradation efficiency. Additionally, the nanoflower-like structure could provide better accessibility of the reactants on the surface of photocatalytic material, resulting in more favorable for the photodegradation. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
,Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 870-24-6, Name is 2-Chloroethanamine hydrochloride, SMILES is ClCCN.[H]Cl, in an article , author is Chen, Lei, once mentioned of 870-24-6, Name: 2-Chloroethanamine hydrochloride.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB/PDGF receptor (R)-beta signaling in an experimental murine corneal neovascularization (CrNV) model. Experimental CrNV was induced by alkali injury. The intra-corneal expression of PDGF-BB was examined using immunohistochemistry. The effect of PDGF-BB on CrNV was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. The expression levels of PDGFR-beta in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) under normal conditions or following cobalt chloride treatment, which induced hypoxic conditions, was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The effect of exogenous treatment of PDGF-BB on the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HRECs under normoxic or hypoxic conditions was evaluated in vitro using Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and 3D Matrigel capillary tube formation assays, respectively. The results indicated that the intra-corneal expression levels of the proteins of PDGF-BB and PDGFR-beta were detectable on days 2 and 7 following alkali injury. The treatment with neutralizing anti-PDGF-BB antibody resulted in significant inhibition of CrNV. The intra-corneal expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 proteins were downregulated, while the expression levels of thrombospondin (TSP)-1, TSP-2, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-1 and ADAMTS-2 were upregulated significantly in mice treated with anti-PDGF-BB antibody. The expression levels of PDGFR-beta were upregulated in HRECs under hypoxic conditions compared with those noted under normoxic conditions. Recombinant human PDGF-BB promoted the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HRECs under hypoxic conditions. The data indicated that PDGF-BB/PDGFR-beta signaling was involved in CrNV and that it promoted endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. The pro-angiogenic effects of this pathway may be mediated via the induction of pro-angiogenic cytokine secretion and the suppression of anti-angiogenic cytokine secretion.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
,Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 50-30-6, Name is 2,6-Dichlorobenzoic acid, SMILES is O=C(O)C1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl, in an article , author is Zhang, Yuanmi, once mentioned of 50-30-6, Computed Properties of https://www.ambeed.com/products/50-30-6.html.

The corrosion inhibition of Benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride (BPP), t-Histidine (L-His), and mixed of them on magnesium alloys in 0.05 wt% NaCl is investigated by electrochemical measurements. The inhibition efficiency exceeds 90% with the suitable concentration as well as the ratio between BPP and L-His. Moreover, the inhibition effect would be kept even after the long term immersion in NaCl. It is attributed to the formation of inhibitor-coating film, which is further supported by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Finally, the possible inhibited mechanism is proposed according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and the density functional theory calculation. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
,Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds. 126-83-0, Name is Sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate, molecular formula is C3H6ClNaO4S, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Chen, Ying, once mentioned the new application about 126-83-0, Recommanded Product: 126-83-0.

alpha-(Hetero)aryl nitriles are important structural motifs for pharmaceutical design. The known methods for direct synthesis of these compounds via coupling with (hetero)aryl halides suffer from narrow reaction scope. Herein, we report that the combination of copper salts and oxalic diamides enables the coupling of a variety of (hetero)aryl halides (Cl, Br) and ethyl cyanoacetate under mild conditions, affording alpha-(hetero)arylacetonitriles via one-pot decarboxylation. Additionally, the CuBr/oxalic diamide catalyzed coupling of (hetero)aryl bromides with alpha-alkyl-substituted ethyl cyanoacetates proceeds smoothly at 60 degrees C, leading to the formation of alpha-alkyl (hetero)arylacetonitriles after decarboxylation. The method features a general substrate scope and is compatible with various functionalities and heteroaryls.

We¡¯ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, 126-83-0. The above is the message from the blog manager. Recommanded Product: 126-83-0.

Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
,Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 139631-62-2, Name is Cyclopropanesulfonylchloride, molecular formula is C3H5ClO2S. In an article, author is Dong, P.,once mentioned of 139631-62-2, Category: chlorides-buliding-blocks.

The atmospheric SCC/pitting susceptibility of deposited MgCl2, synthetic sea-salt and site-specific sea-salt (containing ammonium and nitrate ions) on weld, HAZ and base 316L canister material was investigated. Higher SCC/pitting densities were observed for the HAZ region exposed to MgCl2, due to higher tensile residual stresses and plastic strains. Pitting in the weld region exposed to MgCl2 show preferential corrosion of delta-ferrite. Salt composition appears to have had a significant impact on SCC, pitting density and surface corrosion behaviour. Maximum surface crack propagation rates in the HAZ of 4 x 10(-11) ms(-1) were obtained for both synthetic sea-salt and MgCl2. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
,Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics, Safety of 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid, 2516-96-3, Name is 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid, SMILES is C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=CC(=C1C(=O)O)Cl, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Singh, Yogendra Pratap, introduce the new discover.

The synthesis and solid state structural, spectral and electrochemical solution characterization of [Cu(L)(acpy)]ClO4 1 and [Cu(L)(NO3)]( )2 [where L = N'[(E)-phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylideneithiophene-2-carbohydrazide and acpy = 2,6-Diacetylpyridine] have been done by elemental analysis, UV-vis, FTIR, electrochemical techniques (CV and DPV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy. The single crystal structures were solved by the X-ray diffraction technique. In complex 1, copper ion is in a distorted octahedral environment. The geometry of copper(II) in complex 2 is distorted square pyramidal (tau = 0.201). The mono deprotonated, HL ligand act as a tridentate to a copper(II) ion. On the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the electronic excitations involve transitions mainly from metal ligand bonding mostly the alpha-LUMO within the dominant Cu d(xy) character and to alpha-LUMO+1. Epr spectra for polycrystalline samples showed the copper(II) hyperfine features as well as half-field signal which are appropriate for Delta M-s = +/- 2 of dimers. Presence of half-field signal in 1 is due to solid-solid interaction (intra-molecular) where as in 2 the nature of interaction is intra-molecular. The antioxidant superoxide measurements show that the both complexes 1 and 2 behave as superoxide mimic in alkaline nitro blue tetrazolium chloride assay. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 2516-96-3. Safety of 2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid.

Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
,Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Related Products of 2687-12-9, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 2687-12-9, Name is Cinnamyl chloride, SMILES is ClCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1, belongs to chlorides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Wang, Yingqing, introduce new discover of the category.

In this work, the recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (rABS)/anhydrous zinc chloride (ZnCl2) composites were prepared and the reinforcing effects of the rABS/ZnCl2 composites were investigated using various characterization techniques. During heat pressing at 190 degrees C, a strong coordination interaction occurred between Zn2+ of ZnCl2 particles and -CN groups of rABS matrix, which resulting in an enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties in comparison with the neat rABS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dissolution experiments, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to prove the coordination reaction. Scanning electron microscopy showed ZnCl2 particles were homogeneously dispersed in the rABS matrix. Tensile test analysis showed that the flexural strength and tensile strength of rABS/ZnCl2 composites increased by around 12.07% and 18.17%, respectively, when adding 7 phr of ZnCl2 into the rABS resin. Furthermore, heat deflection temperature analysis, thermogravimetric analysis as well as dynamic mechanical analysis proved that the coordination reaction dramatically improved the heat resistance of rABS matrix. Besides, the recycling ability of the composites had also been proved.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
,Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 50-30-6, Name is 2,6-Dichlorobenzoic acid, molecular formula is C7H4Cl2O2. In an article, author is Xie, Xupin,once mentioned of 50-30-6, Safety of 2,6-Dichlorobenzoic acid.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a great threat to the health of elder (>50 years old) individuals. High salt intake is considered to raise the risk of AAA but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. As endothelial dysfunction in the abdominal aorta is strongly associated with AAA, the present study hypothesized that high salt led to AAA by inducing apoptosis of endothelial cells. The present study verified that hypertonic medium with excess sodium chloride induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), a commonly used cell model to study aortic endothelial cells. Further mechanism studies suggested that hypertonic conditions elevated the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) and a high level of NFAT5 was capable of inducing apoptosis of HUVECs. In the investigation of downstream signals of NFAT5, it was identified that either hypertonic conditions or NFAT5 overexpression promoted the activity of NF-kappa B signaling pathway and subsequently suppressed the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Thus, the present study demonstrated a novel mechanism by which high salt induced apoptosis of endothelial cells by enhancing the NFAT5-NF-kappa B signaling pathway. These findings will extend our knowledge about the pathogenesis of AAA and provide potential drug targets for the treatment of AAA.

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Reference:
Chloride – Wikipedia,
,Chlorides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics